Good Customer Support
Our BetRivers Sportsbook review aims to provide you with a fair and factual assessment. We advocate for responsible gambling—set personal boundaries, play mindfully, and reach out for support if gambling becomes a concern.
Struggling with Gambling Addiction? Support is Available.
If you or someone you know is battling gambling addiction, contact the National Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG) or Gamblers Anonymous. For immediate support call 1-800-GAMBLER.
BetRivers Pros & Cons
What Users Say About Their Overall Experience
The sports betting app has received mixed reviews across various aspects of its functionality. Users appreciate its variety of games and promotions, but concerns about odds, cashiering, and customer support persist.
Pros:
- Wide variety of games and betting options.
- 1x rollover on bonuses and the Bonus Store feature.
- Professional and friendly customer support.
Cons:
- Unclear terms and low-value rewards in promotions.
- Slow and complicated withdrawal process with additional verification steps.
- Performance issues such as crashes, slow loading, and geolocation errors.
Areas for Improvement:
- Offer more transparent and valuable promotions with clear conditions.
- Simplify the withdrawal process and reduce wait times.
- Address technical issues to enhance overall functionality and user experience.
Key Statistics & Features
| Founded | Online Sportsbetting - 2018 (NJ) |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Des Plaines, Illinois |
| Welcome Offer | Place your first real money bet on any sport; if it loses, get a Bonus Bet up to $250 |
| Min. Deposit | $10 |
| Betting App | iOS & Android |
| Desktop | Yes |
| Withdrawal Time | Instant, or up to a two weeks depending on method |
| Payment Methods | Cash at Casino Cage, PayNearMe, Vanilla, BetRivers Play+ Card, Credit/Debit card, PayPal, VIP Preferred, Online Banking |
| Support | 24/7 Live Chat, Email, Telephone, Social Media |
| Markets | 20+ including MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL, etc. |
| Availability | NJ, MD, DE, PA, NY, VA, OH, WV, MI, IN, IL, IA, CO, AZ, LA, Ontario, Canada |
BetRivers Bonuses
BetRivers CO: 2nd Chance Bet Up To $250
BetRivers NJ 2nd Chance Up To $250
BetRivers iRush Rewards
BetRivers 2nd Chance Bet Up to $500
Bonuses User Reviews
After analyzing the reviews, it's evident that users have mixed opinions about the bonuses and promotions on the sports betting app.
Many users find the bonuses insufficient in value, variety, and clarity, while others appreciate specific features like the 1x rollover and Bonus Store.
Pros
- Some users highlight the 1x rollover on bonuses as a standout feature, appreciating its simplicity.
- The Bonus Store and free bingo tickets are enjoyed by users, who find them rewarding and entertaining.
- Positive experiences with customer support in resolving issues related to bonuses are frequently mentioned.
Cons
- A significant number of users expressed dissatisfaction with the value and variety of rewards, finding them lower than expected.
- The rewards program is criticized for quick expiration of points and not delivering substantial benefits.
- Technical issues affecting access to bonuses have been reported by several users, further complicating their experience.
Areas for Improvement
- Users suggest the app should offer more straight cash bonuses and improve the rewards program to provide greater value.
- Clearer communication of the terms and conditions for bonuses and promotions would help reduce confusion.
- Fixing the technical issues related to bonuses would enhance the overall user experience and satisfaction.
Where is BetRivers Legal?
BetRivers is available to individuals who are 21 years of age or older. It operates within certain states in the U.S. where it is legally permitted. Users must be located in one of these states to access the service. The platform adheres to the legal age and location requirements set by each state where it is available. This ensures compliance with local regulations.
You can currently access BetRivers from one of these U.S. States:
New Jersey | Maryland | Pennsylvania | Delaware | New York | Virginia | Ohio | West Virginia | Michigan | Indiana | Illinois | Iowa | Colorado | Arizona | Louisiana | Delaware | Ontario, Canada.
User Experience
Menus on the BetRivers website are organized like many online sportsbooks, with the list of sports and events on the left, the featured markets in the center, and the bet slip on the right.
There is a lack of a sitemap at the footer of the homepage, which would be a good addition.
How to Sign Up at BetRivers
This registration procedure is designed to be quick and user-friendly, encompassing three distinct steps. To begin, potential users are required to visit the BetRivers website and initiate the process by clicking on the prominent yellow 'Join Now' button. Here's a breakdown of each step:
- Account Creation: Start by selecting your state of residence. Then, choose a unique screen name, provide your email address, and create a password for your account.
- Personal Information: The next step involves entering your personal details. This includes your first and last name, zip code, street address, date of birth, and gender.
- Security and Compliance: The final step requires you to choose security questions and provide answers for account security. Additionally, you'll need to enter your mobile number and the last four digits of your Social Security Number (SSN). To complete the process, review and agree to the Terms and Conditions of BetRivers Sportsbook.
Remember, each step is crucial for successful registration and access to the services offered by BetRivers Sportsbook. Once you're signed up making a bet at BetRivers is similar to other Sportsbooks.
BetRivers Betting Apps Overview
The BetRivers Betting App is available for both iOS and Android devices. For Android, it is downloaded from the BetRivers website, requiring users to enable installation from unknown sources. On iOS, the app can be found and downloaded from the App Store.
The app provides access to various sports betting markets, including major sports like NFL, NBA, MLB, and others, as well as sports like darts and netball. Users can engage in different types of bets such as moneyline, spread, totals, props, and futures. The app also features in-play betting and, in some instances, live streaming of events.
BetRivers offers a range of promotional activities, including a welcome bonus, parlay insurance, and a loyalty program named iRush Rewards. This program awards points based on betting activity, with different tiers providing various bonuses.
The interface of the app is designed for ease of navigation and is available in several U.S. states, each with specific regulations and features. The app's availability and functionality are subject to state-specific betting laws and regulations.
Where to Download the Apps
You can find the BetRivers iOS App on the AppStore.
You can find the BetRivers Android App on the AppStore.
What Real Users Say About the Betting App Experience
The sports betting app has received a mix of positive and negative reviews. Users appreciate the variety of games and bonuses but have concerns about performance and withdrawals.
Pros:
- Wide range of games available.
- Helpful customer service.
- Attractive bonuses and promotions.
Cons:
- Geolocation feature often fails.
- Slow and complicated withdrawal process.
- Frequent app crashes and slow performance.
Areas for Improvement:
- Improve geolocation accuracy.
- Streamline the withdrawal process.
- Enhance app speed and stability.
Sports & Leagues at BetRivers
Betting Markets
BetRivers offers a variety of sports betting markets, catering to different preferences in sports wagering. Available options range from standard bets like moneylines, point spreads, and totals, to more specific options such as props and futures. This neutral overview is intended to inform users about the range of betting market types they can expect to encounter on BetRivers.
| Bet Type | BetRivers Offers |
|---|---|
| Moneyline | ✔ |
| Point Spread | ✔ |
| Over/Under (Totals) | ✔ |
| Props (team/player/score) | ✔ |
| Futures | ✔ |
| Parlays | ✔ |
| Teasers | ✔ |
| Live In-Play Betting | ✔ |
| Asian Handicap | ✔ |
| Half-time/Full-time | ✔ |
| Outrights | ✔ |
| Accumulators | ✔ |
What Users Say About BetRiver's Markets
The sports betting app has mixed reviews regarding its market coverage. Users appreciate the variety of games and fast withdrawals, but functionality and betting options are frequent concerns.
Pros:
- Wide variety of games, including slots, table games, and sporting events.
- Fast withdrawal process.
- 1x rollover on bonuses is favorable.
Cons:
- Inconsistent winning percentages and perceived unfair odds.
- Frequent app freezing, geolocation errors, and parlay issues.
- Limited betting options, including lack of early cash outs and alternate lines.
Areas for Improvement:
- Ensure fairness in odds and winning percentages.
- Fix technical issues such as freezing and geolocation errors.
- Enhance betting options and improve the quality of promotions and rewards.
BetRivers Odds
BetRivers’ odds are powered by Kambi, so users might find odds comparable to other platforms that use the same software and are aligned with broader market trends. While each sport has its intrinsic factors and subtleties that can influence pricing, a comparison of BetRivers' rates with other brands shows some minor differences, reflecting the unique dynamics of each sport. Similarly, every bet type—whether it's moneylines, over/unders, or prop bets—has its own pricing structure. BetRivers' pricing is largely in line with its competitors, but there are instances where it might vary slightly, which could influence potential returns.
| Event/Match | BetRivers Odds | DraftKings Odds | ESPN BET Odds | FanDuel Odds |
| SF 49ers vs KC Chiefs Moneyline | -121 +100 | -120 +100 | -120 Even | -126 +108 |
| Blue Jackets vs. Blues Moneyline | +148 -182 | -142 -170 | -145 -170 | -142 -172 |
| Tyson Fury vs. Oleksandr Usyk | -134 +110 | -140 +110 | -130 Even | -138 +108 |
What Users Say About BetRiver's Odds
The majority of users have a negative perception of the sports betting app's odds and pricing, with many feeling the odds are unfavorable and the games are rigged.
While some users appreciate the variety of odds, most are dissatisfied with frequent losses and low payouts.
Pros:
- Variety of odds available.
- Quick withdrawal process for some users.
- Some users report winning more consistently compared to other apps.
Cons:
- Perceived unfair odds and frequent losses.
- Low payouts and difficulty triggering bonuses.
- Wager limits for high loyalty users seen as a deterrent.
Areas for Improvement:
- Improve odds fairness and return percentages.
- Speed up the withdrawal process.
- Increase bonus value and transparency in pricing.
Payments & Withdrawals
BetRivers provides several payment and withdrawal methods for users managing their funds. This section outlines the different options available for depositing and withdrawing money on the platform. Users can expect a variety of methods, each with its own set of procedures and requirements. The aim is to present a clear understanding of the financial transaction processes at BetRivers, including the methods' availability, processing times, and any potential restrictions or guidelines associated with these financial transactions.
Name | Deposit | Withdraw | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Min | Fee | Time | Max | Fee | |
 Cash at Cage | Instant | $0 | 0% | 0-2 days | $100000 | N/A |
Paynearme | 0-2 days | $10 | 0% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 VISA | 0-1 day | $1 | 2% | 2-7 days | $50000 | 2% |
 Mastercard | 0-1 day | $1 | 2% | 2-7 days | $50000 | 2% |
 Discover | 0-1 day | $1 | 2.8% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 PayPal | 0-3 days | $10 | 1.9% | 2-7 days | $60000 | 1.9% |
 VIP Preferred | 0-1 day | $5 | 0% | 1-5 days | $100000 | 2% |
 American Express | Instant | $1 | 2% | 1-5 days | $50000 | 2% |
ACH/eCHECK | 0-1 day | $10 | 0% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 Venmo | 0-1 day | $10 | 1.75% | 2-5 days | $20000 | 1.75% |
What Users Say About BetRiver's Banking Options
The reviews about the cashiering experience on the sports betting app are highly mixed, with a majority expressing dissatisfaction, particularly with the withdrawal process, while some users praise its efficiency.
Pros
- Some users report quick and efficient withdrawal processes, receiving their winnings without delays.
- The deposit process has been described as easy and straightforward by a good number of users.
- A few users commend customer service for effectively resolving cashiering-related issues.
Cons
- Many users experience slow, complicated, or denied withdrawals, often due to additional verification requirements.
- Glitches and delays during deposits, along with a limited number of deposit options, frustrate several users.
- Customer service is widely criticized as unresponsive or inefficient when dealing with cashiering problems.
Areas for Improvement
- The app could enhance the withdrawal process by reducing delays and making requirements clearer.
- Expanding deposit options, such as reintroducing debit card transactions, would improve user experience.
- Customer service response times and efficiency need improvement, particularly for resolving withdrawal-related issues.
Customer Support
BetRiver's has a customer support team that provides assistance to anyone interested in joining the sportsbook and to existing members. It is important for us to give you an accurate review of their support so we reached out ourselves armed with questions:
- Speed and Effectiveness: BetRivers' customer support is structured to address inquiries with varying degrees of speed and effectiveness. The efficiency of support can fluctuate based on the complexity of the issues and the current demand on their support system.
- Live Chat: The platform offers a live chat feature, initially operated by a bot. Users have the option to escalate issues to a live agent within the chat. The transition from bot to human interaction is user-initiated, allowing for more personalized assistance as required.
- Agent Responsiveness: The responsiveness of live agents at BetRivers can vary. While some users may receive quick responses, others might experience delays. This variation is influenced by factors such as the volume of concurrent inquiries and the specific nature of the user's issue.
- For a well-rounded understanding, our team reached out to BetRivers' customer support at various hours. The results of our 'day in the life' test are as follows:
| Time of Day | Average Wait Time |
|---|---|
| 6:00 am ET | 4 minutes 15 seconds |
| 11:00 am ET | 4 minutes 55 seconds |
| 5:00 pm ET | 5 minutes 30 seconds |
| 9:00 pm ET | 7 minutes |
Contact BetRivers Customer Support
Customer Support User Reviews
The sports betting app's support team has received a mixed response from users. While some users appreciate the professionalism, friendliness, and swift responses, others are frustrated with unresolved issues and long wait times.
Pros:
- Professional and friendly customer support.
- Helpful live chat feature.
- Swift responses from some support agents.
Cons:
- Long wait times to speak with a representative.
- Issues with account verification and password resets.
- Lengthy and complicated withdrawal process.
Areas for Improvement:
- Reduce wait times for support assistance.
- Improve handling of technical issues and bugs.
- Streamline and simplify the withdrawal process.
BetRivers Online Casino
Some users can seamlessly switch to BetRivers' Casino, depending on the state they are in. Housing around 200 games, the casino section is diverse with slots predominantly occupying the space, followed by table games, video poker, and live dealer games. The platform is optimized for both desktop and mobile use in states like Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut.
Additional Features
Navigating through BetRivers' platform, one encounters a range of additional features:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Live Betting | BetRivers' platform includes a live betting section, prominently placed as the first tab on the menu. It features ongoing events in various sports, with pre-match stats, real-time event representation, and multiple betting markets. |
| Live Streaming | Selected sports events are available for live streaming on BetRivers. This feature is useful for users who want to bet and watch simultaneously and includes sports like soccer, tennis, and the NFL. Users must be logged in to access this feature. |
| Same-Game Parlays | BetRivers offers same-game parlays, marked with a 'NEW' label. Users can create parlays within a specific game using the 'Same Game Parlay' option. |
| Early Cash-Out | The 'Buy Out' function allows bettors to close a bet before the end of an event. This can be used to secure a profit or minimize losses. Eligible bets can be found in the bet slip. |
| iRush Rewards Loyalty Program | This loyalty program rewards users with points for real-money wagers. Points can be redeemed for various benefits, including discounts and exclusive offers. |
Responsible Gambling
BetRivers has established Player Protection Terms to address responsible gaming. These terms provide guidelines for users and outline measures to prevent issues like underage and compulsive gambling.
| Tool/Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| Risks of Problem Gambling | BetRivers provides information on problem gambling indicators and contact details for help centers like the Council on Compulsive Gambling of New Jersey (1-800-Gambler). |
| Underage Gambling Prevention | A verification process is in place for all new users to prevent underage gambling. Advice for parents includes securing login details and monitoring for signs of underage gambling. |
| Setting Limits and Self-Exclusion | Users can set limits on deposits, wagers, and session times. A "Cool-Off Period" option for a minimum of 72 hours is available. The platform also offers a self-exclusion option, allowing users to be on the New Jersey Self-Exclusion Program list for 1 to 5 years. |
You can find more information about BetRivers’ efforts to promote responsible gambling here.
Licensing & Security
| Compliance and Security Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| State Compliance | BetRivers Sportsbook is licensed in multiple U.S. states, adhering to state-specific regulatory frameworks. Notably, it is regulated by the New Jersey DGE in New Jersey and maintains licensing standards across all active states. |
| Data Protection | The platform uses stringent data protection measures, exceeding industry standards. It employs SSL encryption to secure user data and ensure confidentiality. |
| Web Safety | The BetRivers website features a padlock symbol in the browser's address bar, indicating the presence of SSL encryption for enhanced security and privacy. |
| System Defense | Advanced firewall systems are in place to protect BetRivers' digital infrastructure against unauthorized access. |
| Identity Verification | BetRivers conducts identity verification as per state regulations, such as in New Jersey. This process confirms the user's age (minimum 21) and eligibility for gambling. |
| Strong Authentication Feature | An optional 'strong authentication' process sends a unique security code via text message during login attempts, enhancing account security. Users can activate or deactivate this feature based on their preference. |
Education
BetRivers Sportsbook presents an informative section to guide its users through the nuances of sports betting. The platform's "FAQs and Tutorials" space sheds light on a broad spectrum of topics, encompassing both foundational and intricate betting aspects. Novice users can get insights into account creation, while the FAQs touch on quintessential betting topics, such as placing bets, understanding the prevalent odds systems, and the mechanics of live wagering. Features unique to BetRivers, like the 'Buy Out' and 'Same Game Parlays', are explained in depth. Additionally, BetRivers teaches about common bet structures, from Straight Bets to Parlays, and examines standard sports markets like the Money Line, Spread, and Over/Under.
About BetRivers
BetRivers Sportsbook entered the U.S. sports betting market in 2018. Its features and services are consistent with those of other industry participants, following standard market practices.
Operating across a range of states, from Arizona to West Virginia, BetRivers showcases a notable geographical distribution. As regulatory frameworks evolve, the sportsbook is making preparations to expand its services to additional states, aiming to broaden its territorial coverage within the U.S. and Canada.
In terms of ownership, BetRivers is under the umbrella of Rush Street Interactive, a company that is publicly traded on the NYSE using the ticker RSI. This association positions BetRivers within a more extensive network of online gaming and betting services.
FAQs
BetRivers Sportsbook
What is BetRivers Sportsbook?
BetRivers Sportsbook is a sports betting platform operating in the U.S. market, associated with Rush Street Interactive, a publicly traded company on the NYSE.
In which states does BetRivers operate?
BetRivers operates in several states, including New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, and many others. They are also accessible to residents of Ontario, Canada.
Bonus Information
What is the BetRivers welcome bonus offer?
BetRivers offers a $250 First Deposit Second Chance Bonus Bet. If your first real money sports bet doesn't win, you receive a Bonus Bet equal to your wager, capped at $250.
What is the iRush Rewards Loyalty Program?
It's a loyalty initiative by BetRivers, where users earn points with real-money wagers, which can be redeemed for various perks and offers.
Payments and Withdrawals
What is the minimum deposit amount on BetRivers?
The minimum deposit amount is $10.
How can users withdraw from BetRivers?
To withdraw, navigate to the 'Cashier' and select the 'Withdraw' option. Remember that withdrawal requests cannot be modified once initiated, and active bonus funds are not withdrawable.
How long do withdrawals take on BetRivers?
Over 80% of BetRivers' withdrawals are approved automatically. If not instantly approved, they may take up to 24 hours for processing.
Markets
What kind of sports can I bet on at BetRivers?
BetRivers offers betting options on various sports like Baseball, Football, Basketball, Soccer, Tennis, and many more.
Responsible Gambling
How does BetRivers handle responsible gambling?
BetRivers has Player Protection Terms to address responsible gaming, which includes guidelines for users, risks of problem gambling, underage gambling prevention, and options for setting limits and self-exclusion.
Mobile Betting
Does BetRivers have a mobile app?
Yes, BetRivers has a mobile app accessible on both iOS and Android.
What additional features does BetRivers offer?
BetRivers provides features like live betting, live streaming, same-game parlays, early cash-out, an online casino, and an iRush Rewards Loyalty Program.
Security
How does BetRivers ensure user data security and privacy?
BetRivers uses SSL encryption, advanced firewall systems, identity verification, and a 'strong authentication' process to ensure user data security and privacy.
Who can bet on BetRivers?
BetRivers is open to bettors 21 years of age or older and located within one of the legally sanctioned states in the U.S.
Customer Support
How can I contact BetRivers customer support?
BetRivers offers 24/7 live chat support, email, telephone, and social media channels for customer assistance.
What educational content does BetRivers provide?
BetRivers offers various resources and content to educate users about betting strategies, understanding odds, and other related topics.
Other Sportsbooks
- Availability across most of US legal states
- Competitive odds & diverse markets
- Attentive customer service
- Extensive list of Same Game Parlay's
- App speeds vary for some users
- Geo locate sometimes unreliable
- Extensive betting markets
- Live betting
- Efficient & secure payments
- Strong security measures
- Mobile app connectivity issues
- Maximum bets on odds boosts are low.
- Promotional restrictions
- Available in many U.S. States and Canada
- Numerous betting markets
- Major partnerships with teams/leagues
- Promotions are timely and change rapidly
- Connectivity issues on betting app
- Extensive Market Reach.
- Unmatched Fan Engagement.
- Live betting.
- Digital media bohemeth.
- Limited live streaming.
- Connectivity issues on betting apps.
- One of the biggest welcome bonuses.
- Secure payments.
- Efficient customer service
- Some users have described slow loading times
- Limited live streaming options
- Some bonus wagering requirements are unclear
- Good functionality on desktop and betting apps.
- Live Streaming.
- Live Betting.
- Betting Apps on iOS & Android
- Limited availability in the U.S.
- Limited sports categories.
Sports Betting in Different States
Meet our Experts
Paruyr Shahbazyan
Paruyr Shahbazyan started his business career as an entrepreneur in 2000. Over 13 years, he learned business and leadership, which laid the foundation for his career.
In 2013, Paruyr entered the sports and betting industry as the founder and president of Bookmaker Rating, an online media platform he led until 2020. The platform focuses on in-depth analysis and insights in sports betting and has gained a reputation for quality content.
In 2022, Paruyr co-founded Azuro, a decentralized betting protocol. This shows his commitment to technology in the sports betting space. Through all these experiences, Paruyr has been shaping and influencing the betting industry, setting new trends and standards.
Innovation in sportsbetting comes from a deep understanding of both technology and the human element of sports.
Strategic Vision
Paruyr's vision is to revolutionize the sports entertainment industry by integrating technology. He sees the future of sports entertainment as a blend of traditional sports knowledge with innovative tech solutions, like decentralized protocols, to enhance user experience and fairness. He aims to create platforms that are not only user-friendly but also uphold the highest standards of ethical reporting, contributing to a more responsible and enjoyable sports culture.
Sol Fayerman-Hansen
With 20+ years of writing experience across sports, gambling, regulation, technology, and startups, Sol brings a broad understanding to his role as Editor-in-Chief at RG. His work provides clear, factual information to help readers make informed decisions about gambling. Sol’s approach is about transparency and research, so the content at RG is straightforward, evidence-based, and accessible.
At RG, Sol keeps the focus on the reader by maintaining a standard of reliability and integrity in the information shared. Under his editorial direction, RG aims to provide practical insights into sports and sports entertainment that support a balanced and informed approach. Sol’s approach has helped RG become a go-to source for readers looking to engage responsibly and thoughtfully in the industry.
Cristina Varela Galan
Cristina used to work as a Psychology Assistant in the Bizkaia Pathological and Risky Gamblers Association. She was also part of a research team in Deusto University, specializing in pathological gambling area. While working there, she managed to develop her own project
“Exploring the association between emotional regulation, alexithymia, stressful life events and gambling in adolescent and young adult women”.
Nick Ashbourne
Nick has been fascinated with sports since he was first taken to a Toronto Maple Leafs game in 1998, and he's been writing about them professionally since 2014.
Nick has covered baseball and hockey for outlets like The Athletic, Sportsnet, and Yahoo Sports while growing his expertise in sports data analysis and research.
Between 2022 and 2023, he worked for a betting startup called NorthStar Bets. In 2024, he contributed to Oddspedia before joining the RG team.
Sergey Demidov
Sergey has been in sports journalism since 2007 as a reporter, editor, and manager. He has covered the Olympic Games, soccer World Cups, the World Cup of Hockey in 2016, the European championships, the Stanley Cup Finals, IOC events, and many others. Sergey interviewed the sport's greatest athletes, coaches, and executives. Since 2016, he has been an Independent Senior Editor of NHL.com/ru.
Anna Kravtcova
Ph.D. in organizational psychology, an internationally certified psychologist (EuroPsy 2022, Cognitive behavioural therapy of mindfulness 2020, International Society for Emotional Intelligence 2017, Russian Psychological society 2014, American Psychological Association(Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychologist) 2011), speaker of many international conferences (USA, Brazil, Portugal, Czech Republic, Russia, etc.). TEDx speaker.
