Tennis Terms Glossary

Ace

• Definition: A serve where the tennis ball lands inside the service box and is not touched by the receiver. Aces are typically powerful shots that often land near the corners of the service box.
• Example: In a high-profile final, the server hit a blistering ace down the T that left the opponent no chance to react.

Action

• Definition: Synonym for spin—the rotation imparted on the ball that affects its trajectory and bounce.
• Example: During a lengthy rally at a major tournament, a player used heavy action on her forehand to make the ball curve sharply away from her opponent.

Accumulator Bet

• Definition: A wager that combines several individual bets into one; every selection must win for the accumulator to pay out, often offering higher odds.
• Example: A bettor placed an accumulator bet on three matches, and since all three outcomes were correct, they enjoyed a significantly enhanced payout.

Ad court

• Definition: The left side of the court from each player’s perspective; so named because the advantage point immediately following deuce is served from this side.
• Example: In a crucial set, the server shifted confidently to the ad court to take advantage of his strong cross-court serve.

Ad in

• Definition: A term used when the server has the advantage immediately after deuce, meaning they need one more point to win the game.
• Example: In a pivotal moment at a grand slam, the announcer declared “ad in” after the server won the point following deuce, setting up a game-clinching opportunity.

Ad out

• Definition: The term used when the receiver has the advantage immediately after deuce.
• Example: In a high-pressure break point situation during a team tie, the receiver secured an “ad out” point to shift the momentum.

Ad

• Definition: Announced by the chair umpire when a player wins the first point after deuce, indicating that the player has the advantage in that game.
• Example: The umpire’s clear call of “ad” during a tense match underscored the importance of that crucial point.

Advantage set

• Definition: A set won by a player or team having secured at least six games with a two-game advantage over the opponent, rather than using a tie-break format.
• Example: In a throwback to classic scoring, the final set of a match was decided by an advantage set, with the winner finally breaking through with an 8–6 score.

Advantage

• Definition: The situation when a player wins the first point after deuce and requires one more point to win the game (unless a deciding point format is used).
• Example: After an intense exchange at 40–40, the player gained the advantage by winning the next shot.

All-Comers

• Definition: A historic tournament format where all players compete except the reigning champion; the winner then faces the title holder in the Challenge Round.
• Example: At a special commemorative event, organizers staged an exhibition match using the classic All-Comers format to honor tennis history.

All-court (or all-court game)

• Definition: A playing style that incorporates a mix of techniques—including baseline play, transitions, and serve-and-volley tactics—across all parts of the court.
• Example: A versatile player dazzled the crowd with a blend of powerful groundstrokes and clever net play throughout the match.

All-courter

• Definition: A player who exhibits an all-court game, effectively using a variety of techniques from baseline rallies to aggressive net approaches.
• Example: Recognized for his all-court abilities, a rising star displayed remarkable adaptability during a major tournament.

All

• Definition: Used by the chair umpire when both players have the same number of points or games; when both are at 40, “deuce” is usually preferred.
• Example: In a tightly contested game, the umpire called the score “15-all,” keeping the match’s intensity high.

Alley

• Definition: The area of the court between the singles and doubles sidelines, commonly referred to along with the tramlines.
• Example: A well-placed cross-court shot landed perfectly in the alley during a doubles match, forcing an awkward return.

Alternate

• Definition: A player or team that gains entry into the main draw of a tournament when another player or team withdraws; this may include a lucky loser.
• Example: Following an unexpected withdrawal at a major event, the alternate stepped in and caused a major upset in the draw.

American doubles (or American singles, Australian doubles and cut-throat tennis)

• Definition: An informal variation played with three players—two on one side of the court and one on the other. The doubles team is restricted to the singles lines, while the single player can use the full doubles court.
• Example: At a celebrity pro–am event, fans were entertained by a lively match of American doubles that showcased a fun twist on traditional tennis.

Approach shot (or approach)

• Definition: A groundstroke used as a setup while moving toward the net, often hit with underspin or topspin to prepare for an aggressive volley.
• Example: In a crucial point during a semifinal, a player executed a perfectly timed approach shot that set her up for a winning volley.

Asian Handicap

• Definition: A form of handicap betting that levels the playing field by giving a virtual advantage or disadvantage, commonly used in tennis to balance mismatches.
• Example: In a match featuring a clear favorite, the bookmaker applied an Asian Handicap to reduce the perceived gap, making the bet more competitive.

ATP Finals

• Definition: The season-ending tournament of the ATP Tour, featuring the top eight ranked men (plus alternates) competing in a round-robin format.
• Example: At the ATP Finals, the best players in the world clashed in dramatic matches that captivated the global tennis audience.

ATP Race (or ATP Race to Milan/Turin/London; formerly ATP Champions Race)

• Definition: An ATP ranking system that starts at the beginning of the year and mirrors the entry system ranking by year’s end, determining the top eight qualifiers for the ATP Finals.
• Example: As the season progressed, fans closely followed the ATP Race, with several players jostling for a spot in the coveted ATP Finals lineup.

ATP Tour

• Definition: The top-tier international tennis tour for men, organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals, featuring the largest and most prestigious tournaments.
• Example: The ATP Tour schedule included a series of high-profile tournaments across five continents, drawing top-ranked players from around the globe.

ATP

• Definition: Abbreviation for the Association of Tennis Professionals, the governing body for men’s professional tennis and organizer of the ATP Tour.
• Example: In a recent press conference at an ATP event, officials discussed upcoming changes to tournament structures under the ATP’s new regulations.

Australian doubles

• Definition: An alternative name for American doubles, referring to the same informal three-player tennis variation.
• Example: At a local tennis club event in Melbourne, players enjoyed a round of Australian doubles, mixing competitive play with a lighthearted twist.

Australian formation

• Definition: A doubles strategy where both the server and partner stand on the same side of the court before the point begins.
• Example: In a tactical move during a doubles match, the serving team used the Australian formation to disrupt their opponents’ return strategy.

Backboard

• Definition: A vertical wall, often marked with a tennis net image, used by players to practice their strokes as the ball rebounds back to them.
• Example: Junior players honed their skills by practicing against a backboard during off-court training sessions at a national tennis academy.

Backcourt

• Definition: The area of the tennis court between the baseline and the service line.
• Example: A baseline specialist relied on precise backcourt rallies to outlast his opponent in long, grueling sets.

Backhand

• Definition: A stroke in which the ball is hit with the back of the hand facing the ball at impact, typically used when the ball is on the player’s non-dominant side.
• Example: In a dramatic exchange at a major tournament, a powerful backhand helped the player retrieve an otherwise impossible ball.

Backhand smash

• Definition: A type of overhead smash executed on the backhand side of the body.
• Example: During a mixed doubles match, a well-timed backhand smash turned the tide in favor of the team under pressure.

Backspin

• Definition: Also known as slice or underspin, this shot rotates the ball backward after impact, often causing it to stay low after bouncing.
• Example: A crafty player used heavy backspin on a defensive shot to keep the ball low and force an error from the opponent.

Backswing

• Definition: The initial portion of a stroke where the racket is drawn back in preparation for the forward swing to hit the ball.
• Example: Analysts noted that the player’s efficient backswing allowed for a quicker transition into his powerful forehand during a match.

Bagel

• Definition: Colloquial term for winning or losing a set 6–0; the term is inspired by the round shape of a bagel resembling the zero score.
• Example: In an unexpected upset, the top seed suffered a bagel in the second set, shocking the crowd with the lopsided scoreline.

Bagnall-Wild

• Definition: A method of drawing a tournament bracket in which all byes are placed in the first round, introduced in the 1880s by Ralph Bagnall-Wild.
• Example: During a historical seminar at a tennis museum, experts discussed the Bagnall-Wild system and its influence on modern tournament draws.

Ball boy (also ball girl or ballkid)

• Definition: A person, often a child, responsible for retrieving tennis balls that have gone out of play and supplying fresh balls to the players.
• Example: During a high-profile tournament, enthusiastic ball kids helped maintain the match’s pace by quickly delivering new balls during intense rallies.

Ball toss

• Definition: The act of throwing the ball upward before serving.
• Example: A player’s consistent ball toss was noted during a major event, contributing to his smooth, reliable serve.

Ball machine

• Definition: A machine that projects tennis balls onto the court at variable speeds and trajectories, allowing players to practice without a partner.
• Example: Training sessions at a national tennis academy featured state-of-the-art ball machines that helped players perfect their strokes.

Banana shot or banana forehand

• Definition: A forehand hit with enough spin to curve dramatically—often down the line—and then loop back into the court, a signature shot notably associated with Rafael Nadal.
• Example: In a highlight reel from a clay-court tournament, a player’s banana shot stunned the audience as the ball curved spectacularly back into play.

Baseline

• Definition: The line marking the farthest boundary of the court; if the ball passes this line, it is considered out of play.
• Example: During a tense rally, a deep baseline shot forced an error from the opponent, ultimately winning a crucial point.

Baseliner

• Definition: A player who prefers to stay near the baseline and rely on groundstrokes rather than approaching the net.
• Example: A noted baseliner frustrated opponents with relentless deep shots and consistency from the back of the court during a major match.

Big serve

• Definition: A powerful serve that provides a significant advantage to the server, often making it difficult for the opponent to return effectively.
• Example: In a pivotal match, the crowd roared as the player unleashed a big serve that set the tone for his dominant performance.

Billie Jean King Cup (formerly Fed Cup or Federation Cup)

• Definition: An international, annual women’s tennis competition where national teams compete in a single-elimination format.
• Example: The tournament saw several dramatic matches as underdog teams staged upsets against traditionally dominant nations.

Bisque

• Definition: An archaic term representing one stroke (point) used in handicapping odds; it was abolished in the 1890s.
• Example: A nostalgic article at a tennis museum recalled how the term “bisque” once factored into early tennis scoring.

Block (or blocked shot, blocked return)

• Definition: A defensive shot made with minimal backswing, where the player absorbs the pace of the ball rather than generating their own power.
• Example: In a defensive rally, a well-timed block turned a near-impossible return into a winning opportunity.

Bounce

• Definition: The upward movement of the tennis ball after it contacts the ground; its height and behavior depend on spin, speed, and the court surface.
• Example: Spectators marveled at how the unique bounce on a clay court altered the rhythm of play during a long rally.

Boxed set

• Definition: A career slam achieved when a player wins at least one title in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at all four major tournaments.
• Example: A sports documentary celebrated the rare achievement of a boxed set by one of tennis legends, highlighting victories across all disciplines.

Breadstick

• Definition: Colloquial term for winning or losing a set 6–1, with the “1” resembling a slender breadstick.
• Example: After a dominant performance, a commentator noted that the set had ended with a “breadstick” score, underlining its lopsided nature.

Break back

• Definition: Winning a game as the receiving player or team immediately after having lost the previous game when serving.
• Example: In a dramatic comeback during a team tie, the underdog managed a break back that shifted the match’s momentum.

Break point

• Definition: A point that, if won by the receiver, results in breaking the server’s game; typically occurring at scores like 30–40 or 40–ad.
• Example: With the match finely poised, the receiver converted a crucial break point to tilt the balance in his favor.

Break

• Definition: To win a game as the receiver, thereby “breaking” the server’s advantage.
• Example: A sudden break allowed a challenger to seize control of the match after a series of long rallies.

Breaker

• Definition: A colloquial term for a tiebreak—a game-deciding contest played when the set score reaches a stalemate.
• Example: An electrifying finish saw the match go to a breaker that had fans on the edge of their seats.

Brutaliser

• Definition: A shot in which the ball is hit directly at the opponent, aiming to force an error or provoke an awkward return.
• Example: In a high-intensity rally, a well-placed brutaliser caught the opponent off-guard and clinched a vital point.

Buggy whip

• Definition: A forehand stroke characterized by a follow-through that moves from low to high and finishes on the same side of the body, similar to a carriage driver whipping a horse.
• Example: Commentators highlighted a player’s unique buggy whip technique as a key element of her signature style during a major match.

Bumper guard

• Definition: A protective piece of plastic attached to the outer edge of a racket’s head, designed to absorb shocks and prevent damage.
• Example: Several players were seen sporting rackets with enhanced bumper guards during a tournament, providing extra durability during high-speed exchanges.

Bye

• Definition: An automatic advancement to the next round of a tournament awarded to top-seeded players, allowing them to skip the first round.
• Example: The top-ranked players received byes in the opening round, setting them up for later matchups against qualifiers.

Bunt

• Definition: A subtle shot that uses the opponent’s pace with a short swing to redirect the ball, often catching the opponent off balance.
• Example: In a surprising twist during a challenger match, a deft bunt neutralized an aggressive shot and secured a crucial point.

Call

• Definition: The verbal announcement by a line judge or chair umpire declaring that a ball landed outside the valid area of play.
• Example: A controversial call during a match sparked heated debate among fans after a ball was ruled out.

Canadian doubles

• Definition: An informal variation of tennis played with three players—two on one side of the court and one on the other—with the doubles team restricted to the singles boundaries.
• Example: At a grassroots tennis festival, players enjoyed a friendly round of Canadian doubles, embracing the game’s playful side.

Can opener

• Definition: A serve hit with slice by a right-handed player that lands near the intersection of the singles tramline and service line in the deuce court (or in the ad court for a left-handed server).
• Example: In a summer series, a player’s signature can opener served up a surprising angle that baffled his opponent.

Cannonball

• Definition: An older term describing a very fast, flat serve that leaves little reaction time for the receiver.
• Example: A veteran commentator reminisced about the days of the cannonball serve during an analysis of classic matches.

Career Golden Slam

• Definition: The achievement of winning all four major championships in one’s career, plus an Olympic gold medal—a feat accomplished by only a few elite players.
• Example: A highlight reel celebrated the accomplishment of a career Golden Slam as one of the sport’s greatest milestones.

Career Grand Slam (or career slam)

• Definition: Winning all four major championships over the course of a player’s career, though not necessarily in the same calendar year.
• Example: A feature story chronicled a tennis legend’s journey to complete her Career Grand Slam after a remarkable comeback.

Carpet court

• Definition: An indoor tennis surface made from textile or polymer materials supplied in rolls; once common for professional events before being phased out.
• Example: An exhibition match paid homage to the classic surface by featuring a retro-style carpet court setup.

Carve

• Definition: To hit a groundstroke with a mix of sidespin and underspin, causing the ball to have a curved trajectory.
• Example: In a stylistic display at a tournament, a player carved a shot around the net post that left his opponent scrambling.

Centre mark

• Definition: A small mark at the center of the baseline that indicates where a server should stand relative to the score.
• Example: Strict adherence to the centre mark ensured proper positioning during service in a high-level match.

Chair umpire

• Definition: The official who oversees a tennis match from an elevated chair, responsible for making calls and managing the match proceedings.
• Example: During a heated moment, the chair umpire’s calm yet firm demeanor helped restore order on the court.

Challenge Round

• Definition: A historic tournament format in which the winner of an elimination phase faces the previous year’s champion, who did not play until the final match.
• Example: A special event celebrated tennis history by staging an exhibition match using the Challenge Round format.

Challenge

• Definition: When a player requests an official review of a call (using electronic ball-tracking technology) to verify if a ball was in or out.
• Example: A dramatic challenge during an ATP match saw the umpire consult the Hawk-Eye system to overturn a contentious line call.

Challenger

• Definition: Tournaments that form a tour one level below the ATP Tour, where players ranked roughly from world no. 80 to no. 300 compete to earn ranking points and advance to higher-level competitions.
• Example: Aspiring professionals competed fiercely on the ATP Challenger Tour, with each match serving as a stepping stone toward a breakthrough on the main tour.

Champions tiebreak

• Definition: Also known as the super tiebreak, it is a deciding tiebreak played instead of a final set in some doubles matches.
• Example: A doubles final was ultimately decided by a tense champions tiebreak that kept spectators on the edge of their seats.

Change-over (or change of ends)

• Definition: A 90-second rest period after every odd-numbered game, during which players switch sides of the court.
• Example: During a grueling match at Indian Wells, players used the change-over period to regroup and adjust to shifting court conditions.

Chip and charge

• Definition: An approach shot where the player hits a slice shot while quickly moving forward to the net, following up with an aggressive volley.
• Example: In a daring move at the ATP Finals, a player employed the chip and charge tactic to catch his opponent off balance and secure a crucial point.

Chip

• Definition: A defensive shot using underspin to block an opponent’s powerful shot, resulting in a low, controlled trajectory.
• Example: A well-executed chip helped a player neutralize a heavy hitter’s aggressive groundstroke during the French Open.

Chop

• Definition: A shot executed with extreme underspin, often producing a low, skidding ball—considered the opposite of topspin.
• Example: In a clay-court duel, a veteran player’s signature chop kept the ball low and forced errors from the opponent.

Circuit

• Definition: The annual series of sanctioned tennis tournaments that players participate in over the course of a season.
• Example: The tennis circuit featured events across all continents, providing ample opportunities for players to earn ranking points and prize money.

Clay (or clay court, claycourt)

• Definition: A tennis court surface made of crushed shale, stone, brick, or clay; famously used at the French Open.
• Example: A renowned claycourter dominated the French Open by leveraging his expertise on clay, outlasting opponents in long rallies.

Claycourter (or clay-courter, clay courter)

• Definition: A player who is particularly skilled on clay courts, often excelling in long rallies and sliding movements.
• Example: A claycourter’s mastery was evident as he effortlessly slid and executed precise groundstrokes during a match at the French Open.

Closed tournament

• Definition: A tournament in which entries are restricted, typically by geographic residency or other specific criteria.
• Example: A regional closed tournament provided local players with a platform to compete for national ranking points and recognition.

Closed stance

• Definition: A classic stroke technique where the hitter’s body is angled sideways to the net, often with the back partially turned to the opponent.
• Example: In a technical breakdown during an ATP match, a player’s reliance on a closed stance was critiqued as limiting his shot-making options.

Code violation

• Definition: A penalty given by the chair umpire for rule infractions related to on-court behavior, resulting in warnings or point/game penalties.
• Example: A series of code violations during a fiery match led to a player’s default, underscoring the importance of maintaining sportsmanship.

Consolation singles

• Definition: A format in which players eliminated in the first round of a tournament are given an opportunity to play additional matches.
• Example: A junior tournament introduced consolation singles to ensure every participant gained valuable match experience despite early losses.

Consolidate (a break)

• Definition: To hold serve in the game immediately following a break of serve, thereby regaining stability in the match.
• Example: After breaking his opponent’s serve, the player consolidated his advantage by holding his own serve in the very next game.

Continental grip

• Definition: A way of holding the racket where the bottom knuckle of the index finger contacts the top of the handle and the heel of the hand aligns with the bevel, allowing for versatile shot-making.
• Example: Analysts noted that a rising star’s use of a continental grip contributed to smooth volleys and effective slice serves.

Correct Score

• Definition: A wager where you predict the exact final score of a match in sets (and sometimes in games), offering high odds due to its difficulty.
• Example: He wagered on a correct score of 2-1 in sets, and when the match ended exactly that way, his high-risk bet paid off handsomely.

Counterpuncher

• Definition: A defensive baseliner who relies on redirecting opponents’ power rather than generating outright winners.
• Example: A counterpuncher frustrated his aggressive opponent by patiently absorbing pace and redirecting shots during a match.

Court

• Definition: The designated area on which tennis is played, including all its lines and boundaries.
• Example: Tournament organizers made enhancements to court surfaces at a new venue to improve playability and player comfort.

Cross-over

• Definition: When a player crosses over the net into the opponent’s court, either as a friendly gesture or, if unsportsmanlike, potentially resulting in a code violation.
• Example: A controversial cross-over during a decisive point led to a warning from the umpire, sparking debate among fans.

Crosscourt shot

• Definition: A shot hit diagonally across the court, typically used to move the opponent off balance.
• Example: A brilliant crosscourt shot allowed a player to open up the court and decisively finish the rally.

Cut-throat tennis (or cutthroat tennis)

• Definition: Another term for American doubles—a three-player variant where the singles player can use the full doubles court while the doubles team is confined to singles lines.
• Example: At an interclub event, players participated in a round of cut-throat tennis, enjoying the game’s unconventional rules and spirited competition.

Cyclops

• Definition: A now-obsolete device formerly used at Wimbledon and other tournaments to detect serves that landed long, emitting an audible noise upon detecting a fault.
• Example: A feature segment on a tennis history show revisited the era of Cyclops, contrasting its primitive technology with today’s advanced systems.

Dampener

• Definition: A small rubber device attached to the racket strings to reduce vibration upon ball impact.
• Example: Players at an ATP Tour event opted for new-generation dampeners designed to further minimize racket vibrations during high-speed exchanges.

Davis Cup

• Definition: An international, annual men’s team competition featuring a knockout format, where national teams compete over several rounds throughout the year.
• Example: The Davis Cup tie saw intense national pride as teams battled in grueling matches culminating in a dramatic final set.

Dead ball

• Definition: A tennis ball that has lost its optimal bounce due to wear and is no longer usable in play.
• Example: During a practice session, a coach explained how to identify a dead ball before it was used in a match.

Dead net (or dead net cord)

• Definition: A situation where a player scores a point when the ball, after hitting the upper cord of the net, rolls over to the opponent’s side, often regarded as a lucky break.
• Example: In an exhibition match, a player remarked on his good fortune after snagging a point off a dead net, much to the amusement of the crowd.

Dead rubber

• Definition: A Davis/Fed Cup match played after the overall tie has been decided; such matches often feature lower-ranked team members seeking experience.
• Example: In the Davis Cup final, the final rubber was played as a dead rubber, providing valuable match play for upcoming team stars.

Deciding point

• Definition: In doubles play, the single point played at deuce when no advantage scoring is used; the team that wins this point wins the game.
• Example: A high-tension moment in a doubles match led to a deciding point, with the next rally determining the game’s outcome.

Deep shot

• Definition: A shot that lands near the baseline, often used to push an opponent back and control the rally from the backcourt.
• Example: A deep shot sent an opponent scrambling, forcing an error that clinched a crucial point in a match.

Default

• Definition: The disqualification of a player from a match by the chair umpire due to multiple code violations or a serious breach of conduct.
• Example: In a rare occurrence at a major tournament, a player was defaulted after repeated code violations, emphasizing the importance of sportsmanship.

Deuce court

• Definition: The right side of the court from a player’s perspective, named because the ball is served from this side when the score is deuce.
• Example: At a pivotal moment in a match, the server chose the deuce court for his next serve, leveraging his strong forehand from that side.

Deuce

• Definition: The score of 40–40 in a game, where a player must win two consecutive points (unless a deciding point is used) to claim the game.
• Example: A nail-biting rally extended the game into multiple deuces before a decisive point was finally won.

Dig

• Definition: A shot played just before the ball’s second bounce, often requiring quick reflexes to “dig” the ball away from the ground.
• Example: An impressive dig saved what appeared to be a certain point during a fast-paced match.

Dink

• Definition: An onomatopoetic term for a shot with minimal pace, typically played close to the net.
• Example: At an exhibition event, a series of delicate dinks at the net became the highlight of an otherwise fast-paced rally.

Direct acceptance ("DA")

• Definition: The process by which players enter a tournament based primarily on their ranking, sometimes supplemented by other criteria if necessary.
• Example: A mid-ranked player secured direct acceptance into an ATP Tour event, bypassing the need for qualifying rounds due to an improved ranking.

Dirtballer

• Definition: A colloquial term for a clay court specialist—often a player known for tenacity and success on clay surfaces.
• Example: A notorious dirtballer dominated on clay, outlasting opponents with relentless baseline rallies during a major tournament.

Double bagel

• Definition: Winning a match by taking two sets without the opponent winning a game (6–0, 6–0), commonly referred to as “bageling” the opponent twice.
• Example: In a stunning display of dominance, a rising star delivered a double bagel, winning both sets 6–0.

Double break point

• Definition: A situation where the receiver has two opportunities (or a score equivalent to 15–40) to break the server’s game.
• Example: In a critical juncture of a match, the receiver converted a double break point that dramatically shifted the momentum.

Double break (or double-break)

• Definition: Achieving two breaks of serve in a single set, often a significant advantage in a tightly contested match.
• Example: A match was defined by a double break that allowed one player to secure a commanding lead over his opponent.

Double Chance

• Definition: A bet that covers two of the three possible outcomes (e.g., win or draw) in a match, thereby reducing risk by increasing the probability of a return.
• Example: Opting for double chance, she backed a match where the favorite had a secure win, ensuring a payout even if the game ended in a draw.

Double fault

• Definition: When a server commits two consecutive faults, resulting in the loss of the point.
• Example: A costly double fault during a pressure-packed moment shifted the momentum in favor of the opponent.

Double-handed backhand (or double-hander)

• Definition: A backhand stroke executed using both hands on the racket, typically providing extra control and power.
• Example: Known for his reliable double-handed backhand, a player made a series of impressive returns during an ATP Tour match.

Double-handed forehand (or double-hander)

• Definition: A less common stroke where a player uses both hands to hit a forehand, often for additional control.
• Example: In a quirky display at an exhibition match, a player demonstrated his unique double-handed forehand, drawing both praise and curiosity from spectators.

Doubles net

• Definition: The net used in doubles play, which is slightly longer than the net used in singles matches.
• Example: During a doubles final, players adjusted to the extended doubles net as they executed rapid-fire volleys.

Doubles

• Definition: A format of tennis played by four players, with two players on each side; the doubles court is wider than the singles court by 9 feet.
• Example: A doubles tournament featured thrilling rallies and intricate teamwork that kept the fans on their feet throughout the matches.

Down the line

• Definition: A shot hit straight along the sideline, aimed at the farthest edge of the opponent’s court.
• Example: A precise shot down the line not only earned a winner but also decisively shifted the dynamic of the rally.

Draw

• Definition: The schedule of matches in a tournament, determined through seeding and random selection, which outlines the progression of players throughout the event.
• Example: A Grand Slam draw was revealed in a televised ceremony, setting the stage for some intriguing matchups in the weeks ahead.

Drive volley (or drive-volley, swing volley)

• Definition: A volley executed with a full swing and topspin, typically hit at shoulder height with significant pace.
• Example: In a high-stakes moment, a drive volley from the net sealed a dramatic point during a crucial game.

Drive

• Definition: A groundstroke hit with a flat trajectory, often used to apply pressure on the opponent.
• Example: A blistering drive from the baseline became the turning point in a tightly contested rally.

Drop (a set)

• Definition: Colloquial for losing a set.
• Example: After a long, grueling battle, the top seed managed to avoid a drop in the second set of his match.

Drop shot (colloquial: dropper)

• Definition: A lightly hit shot designed to just clear the net and land softly in the opponent’s court, often catching them off guard when positioned deep.
• Example: A perfectly executed drop shot left the opponent stranded at the baseline, clinching a vital point.

Drop volley

• Definition: A drop shot executed while already in a volley position near the net.
• Example: A clever drop volley at the net disrupted the opponents’ rhythm and earned an unexpected point during a doubles match.

Dual match

• Definition: A team competition format—common in U.S. college tennis—in which teams compete in a series of singles and doubles matches, with points awarded for each win.
• Example: During a college season, a dual match featured intense competition as teams battled in a series of singles and doubles encounters, with every point crucial to the final outcome.

Elbow

• Definition: The corner of the baseline and the doubles alley.
• Example: A coach pointed out that a player's positioning near the elbow allowed him to cover both the baseline and the doubles alley efficiently.

Emergency substitution ("ES")

• Definition: At ATP Tour 250 tournaments, an emergency substitution is allowed if: (i) two of the tournament's top four seeds on the original acceptance list withdraw; (ii) one of the withdrawals involves the first or second seeded player; and (iii) the substitute meets one of the following: being a former top 20 player on the Pepperstone ATP rankings within the previous five years, a past tournament champion, a current player ranked in the top 5 on the ITF International Junior Ranking, or a current player ranked in the top 2 of the host country’s official National Junior Ranking. Additionally, wild cards must have been declared prior to the qualifying withdrawal.
• Example: When two top seeds pulled out unexpectedly, tournament officials quickly arranged an emergency substitution to ensure the draw remained balanced.

Entry system

• Definition: The ranking system used by the ATP and WTA tours to determine whether a player has a high enough ranking to gain direct acceptance into a tournament's main draw; this ranking is carried continuously until the points are dropped from a previous tournament.
• Example: A mid-ranked player relied on his strong entry system ranking to secure direct acceptance into the main draw without having to play in the qualifiers.

Error

• Definition: A shot that fails to land correctly in the opponent's court, resulting in the loss of a point.
• Example: After a long rally, a mis-hit crosscourt shot was ruled an error, handing the point to the opponent.

Exhibition

• Definition: A tournament where players compete primarily to entertain the crowd or raise funds, rather than for ranking points.
• Example: An exhibition match featuring top stars was organized to celebrate the sport’s anniversary and to entertain the fans with a relaxed atmosphere.

Fault

• Definition: A serve that fails to land the ball in the opponent's service box, thus not initiating the point; repeated faults can lead to a double fault.
• Example: A player's inconsistent toss led to a fault on his first serve, forcing him to rely on his less powerful second serve.

Fed Cup

• Definition: The former name for the Billie Jean King Cup, an international women’s team tennis competition.
• Example: The historic Fed Cup finals, now known as the Billie Jean King Cup, continue to showcase high-caliber team tennis.

First serve

• Definition: The initial of the two serve attempts a player is allowed at the start of a point; a let serve landing inbounds does not count as an attempt.
• Example: A player’s aggressive first serve often set the tone for the point, putting immediate pressure on his opponent.

Five

• Definition: A term that can refer to the number of games completed in a set (e.g., "7–5" is spoken as "seven–five") or, in scoring, a shorthand pronunciation for "15" (e.g., a score of 40–15 spoken as "forty–five").
• Example: In a close set, the commentator noted the score as "seven–five" to describe a hard-fought game completion.

Flat (or flat shot)

• Definition: A shot hit with minimal spin, usually hit hard and with a direct trajectory.
• Example: The player’s flat shot cut through the air, leaving little reaction time for his opponent.

Flatliner

• Definition: A player known for hitting the ball flat, producing a very low trajectory with exceptional depth and accuracy.
• Example: Critics compared his performance to that of legendary flatliners, noting his ability to dominate with minimal spin.

Follow through

• Definition: The continuation of a swing after the ball has been struck, crucial for maintaining balance and power.
• Example: A flawless follow through on a serve not only added speed but also improved the shot’s consistency.

Foot fault (or footfault)

• Definition: A serving fault that occurs when the server steps on or over the baseline or the center hash mark before striking the ball.
• Example: The umpire called a foot fault when the server inadvertently stepped over the baseline, resulting in the loss of the point.

Forced error

• Definition: An error induced by an opponent’s strong play, as opposed to an unforced error where the player is solely responsible.
• Example: Despite playing well, his forced errors increased after his opponent’s aggressive shot-making overwhelmed him.

Forehand

• Definition: A stroke where the player hits the ball with the front of the racket hand facing the ball, typically executed on the dominant side.
• Example: With a powerful forehand, she consistently kept her opponent on the defensive throughout the match.

Frame shot (or frame, wood shot)

• Definition: A mishit where the ball makes contact with the frame of the racket instead of the strings, often resulting in a weak or erratic shot.
• Example: A frame shot during a tense rally left the crowd cringing as the ball veered wildly off target.

Fry

• Definition: A colloquial term equivalent to "breadstick," referring to a set score of 6–1.
• Example: After dominating the set, the commentator remarked that the match had ended with a classic fry.

Futures

• Definition: A series of men's tennis tournaments on the ITF Men's Circuit, positioned below the ATP Challenger Tour, where players typically ranked below world no. 300 compete to earn ranking points.
• Example: Many young professionals began their careers competing in Futures events to build up their rankings and gain experience.

Game point

• Definition: A situation where the server is leading and needs one more point to win the game.
• Example: Facing game point, the player rallied impressively to level the contest.

Game, set, match

• Definition: A phrase used at the conclusion of a match to indicate that one competitor has decisively won the entire match.
• Example: With a final powerful shot, the umpire declared “game, set, match” as the crowd erupted in applause.

Game

• Definition: A segment of a set in tennis, consisting of a sequence of points with the same player serving until one player wins enough points to secure the game.
• Example: In a closely fought contest, the players exchanged games until one eventually pulled ahead.

Game Bet

• Definition: A wager placed on the outcome of a specific game within a match rather than the match as a whole.
• Example: He placed a game bet on the second service game, anticipating that the server would hold, which turned out as expected.

Get

• Definition: To reach and return a ball that is particularly difficult to retrieve.
• Example: The crowd cheered as the defender managed to get a seemingly unreachable ball back into play.

Ghost in to the net

• Definition: The tactic of approaching the net stealthily from the baseline while the opponent is preoccupied with retrieving a ball, often catching them off guard.
• Example: Mid-rally, he ghosted in to the net, surprising his opponent and finishing the point with a sharp volley.

Golden set

• Definition: A set in which the player wins every point, not conceding a single one to the opponent.
• Example: Achieving a golden set is considered one of the rarest feats in tennis, marking near perfection in performance.

Golden Slam

• Definition: The accomplishment of winning all four major tournaments plus the Olympic gold medal in a single calendar year; achieved only once by Steffi Graf.
• Example: The extraordinary feat of a Golden Slam remains a benchmark for excellence in the sport.

Grand Slam

• Definition: Winning all four major tournaments (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open) in a calendar year; the term also refers to the tournaments themselves.
• Example: Winning a Grand Slam is the pinnacle of achievement in tennis, with each major offering its own unique challenges.

Grass (or grass court)

• Definition: A natural turf surface on which tennis is played, most famously at Wimbledon.
• Example: The fast pace of play on grass courts often results in shorter rallies and more serve-and-volley action.

Grasscourter (or grass-courter, grass courter)

• Definition: A player who is particularly proficient on grass courts, often thriving on the faster surface and lower bounce.
• Example: Known as a natural grasscourter, his game was ideally suited for the slick, fast conditions at Wimbledon.

Grinding

• Definition: A playing style focused on long rallies and wearing down the opponent with consistent baseline play.
• Example: The match turned into a grinding battle as both players exchanged shot after shot from the baseline.

Grip

• Definition: The method by which a player holds the racket, crucial for executing various strokes; common grips include the Continental, Eastern, and Western.
• Example: A change in grip during the match allowed him to better adapt to different shot requirements.

Grommet strip

• Definition: A strip of plastic containing small tubes placed in the frame's string holes to protect the strings from rubbing against the frame.
• Example: After noticing excessive string wear, the player switched to a racket with a reinforced grommet strip for added durability.

Groundie

• Definition: A colloquial term for a groundstroke—a shot hit after the ball bounces on the court.
• Example: His reliable groundies from the baseline made him one of the most consistent players on tour.

Groundstroke

• Definition: A forehand or backhand shot executed after the ball bounces once on the court.
• Example: The match was characterized by long rallies filled with heavy groundstrokes from both competitors.

Grunting

• Definition: The noises made by players while serving or hitting the ball, sometimes a point of contention among spectators and opponents.
• Example: His persistent grunting during serves became a topic of discussion among commentators and fans alike.

Gut

• Definition: A type of racket string, traditionally made from catgut or its synthetic alternative, valued for its playability and tension maintenance.
• Example: Many players still favor gut strings for their blend of power and control on various surfaces.

Hacker

• Definition: A player whose clumsy strokes seem more accidental than intentional.
• Example: After a series of erratic swings, spectators joked that his shots looked more like mistakes than deliberate plays.

Hail Mary

• Definition: An extremely high lob played for defensive purposes, often used when a player is in a desperate situation.
• Example: With no clear option in sight, he launched a hail mary lob to buy time and reset the point.

Half court

• Definition: The area of the court in the vicinity of the service line.
• Example: Coaches often drill players to improve accuracy when aiming for targets in the half court zone.

Half volley

• Definition: A groundstroke shot made immediately after the ball bounces or simultaneously with the bounce, played with the racket close to the ground.
• Example: Caught off balance, she managed a delicate half volley that just skimmed over the net.

Handicap Bet

• Definition: A bet that applies a virtual handicap to one of the players, meaning the favorite must win by more than a specified margin for the bet to succeed.
• Example: The favorite was given a -3.5 games handicap, so bettors had to consider not just a win but a win by at least four games for the bet to pay out.

Handicapping

• Definition: A system in which competitors are given advantages or compensations to equalize the chances of winning.
• Example: Local tournaments sometimes use handicapping to level the playing field between experienced and novice players.

Hardcourt (or hard court)

• Definition: A type of court made of asphalt or concrete with a synthetic/acrylic top layer, typically playing medium-fast to fast.
• Example: The tournament was held on hardcourts, favoring players with powerful serves and aggressive baseline play.

Hardcourter (or hard-courter, hard courter)

• Definition: A player who is particularly proficient or specializes on hard courts.
• Example: Known as a hardcourter, his game excelled on the crisp, fast surface, allowing him to dictate points.

Hawk-Eye Live

• Definition: An advanced version of Hawk-Eye technology that calls shots in or out in real time through speakers, fully replacing human line judges.
• Example: During a high-profile match, Hawk-Eye Live provided instant, audible decisions that kept the game flowing smoothly.

Hawk-Eye

• Definition: A computer system that uses cameras to track the ball's trajectory for replay purposes and assists with player challenges on designated line calls.
• Example: After a disputed line call, the players challenged the decision, and Hawk-Eye confirmed that the ball had indeed landed outside.

Head (or racket head)

• Definition: The portion of the racket that contains the strings.
• Example: Upgrading to a racket with a larger head helped him improve his power and consistency on groundstrokes.

Heavy (ball)

• Definition: A ball hit with so much topspin that it feels "heavy" when the opponent strikes it.
• Example: The heavy ball forced his opponent into an awkward return, giving him the upper hand in the rally.

Hit and giggle

• Definition: Informal, non-competitive social tennis played primarily for enjoyment rather than for ranking or competitive purposes.
• Example: After the competitive matches, a group of friends gathered for a casual hit and giggle session to relax and have fun.

Hitting partner (or sparring partner)

• Definition: A specialist employed by a tennis player to practice strokes during training sessions.
• Example: To refine her technique, she spent hours with her hitting partner, working on both her serve and return.

I-formation

• Definition: A doubles formation where the net player on the serving team crouches near the center service line to counter teams that favor crosscourt returns.
• Example: The doubles team switched to an I-formation to disrupt their opponents' rhythm and secure more effective net coverage.

Inside-in

• Definition: A tactic where a player runs around the backhand side to hit a forehand down the line (and vice versa for a backhand).
• Example: Spotting an opening, he executed an inside-in maneuver to hit a sharp down-the-line winner.

Inside-out

• Definition: A strategy where a player runs around their backhand side to hit a crosscourt forehand, or the reverse for a backhand.
• Example: She surprised her opponent by moving inside-out to hit a powerful crosscourt forehand that opened up the court.

Insurance break

• Definition: A break of serve that establishes an overall advantage of two breaks in a match.
• Example: After winning an insurance break, he built a substantial lead, making it difficult for his opponent to stage a comeback.

IPIN

• Definition: Abbreviation for International Player Identification Number, a registration number required for all professional tennis players and administered by the ITF.
• Example: Every pro on tour is assigned an IPIN, which is used to track their tournament entries and eligibility.

ITF entry

• Definition: A mechanism allowing high-ranking ITF players to earn spots in ATP Challenger and ITF women's tournament main draws based on their ITF ranking.
• Example: A promising junior received an ITF entry into a Challenger event, marking her first step onto the professional circuit.

ITF

• Definition: Abbreviation for International Tennis Federation, the global governing body of tennis, founded in 1913 as the International Lawn Tennis Federation.
• Example: The ITF oversees international competitions and sets the rules that govern the sport worldwide.

Jamming

• Definition: Serving or returning the ball straight into the opponent's body.
• Example: In a bold move, he jammingly directed his serve at his opponent’s midsection, catching them completely off guard.

Junior exempt ("JE")

• Definition: A spot in a tournament draw awarded to high-ranking junior players through the ITF’s junior exempt project.
• Example: Thanks to her JE status, the young player was able to compete directly in a professional tournament without going through qualifying.

Junk ball

• Definition: A shot or return stroke that is slow and possibly lacks spin, played unpredictably to disrupt the opponent's rhythm.
• Example: His reliance on junk balls sometimes threw off his opponents, though critics argued it was a sign of inconsistency.

Junk baller (or junkballer)

• Definition: A player who frequently employs junk balls, often used in a derogatory sense.
• Example: Despite his talent, some commentators labeled him a junkballer due to his inconsistent shot selection.

Kick serve

• Definition: A type of spin serve that bounces high, also known as the American twist, introduced in the late 1880s.
• Example: His kick serve was a major weapon, bouncing high and forcing weak returns from even the best receivers.

Knock-up

• Definition: A practice or warm-up session without scoring that typically precedes competitive play.
• Example: Before the match began, both players participated in a knock-up to get warmed up and fine-tune their strokes.

Kenin-Hold

• Definition: A term describing a game where the server holds serve from 0–40 down by hitting five consecutive winners, named after Sofia Kenin's notable performance.
• Example: In an astonishing display of resilience, he achieved a Kenin-Hold, rallying back from a significant deficit on serve.

Last direct ("LD")

• Definition: The player with the lowest ranking allowed to participate directly in the tournament.
• Example: The last direct spot was hotly contested, with several players vying for that final chance to compete without qualifying.

Late Entry ("LE")

• Definition: A reserved position in an ATP Tour 250 tournament for players with rankings better than those on the original entry list cut.
• Example: Owing to his strong ranking, he secured a late entry into the tournament, bypassing the initial draw.

Lawn tennis

• Definition: The modern game of tennis, distinguishing it from real tennis and highlighting its origins on grass courts.
• Example: The term "lawn tennis" harkens back to the sport's early days when matches were played on grass.

Let-check

• Definition: An electronic sensor on the net that assists chair umpires in calling lets by detecting vibrations, primarily used on show courts.
• Example: During a closely watched match, a let-check system was employed to ensure every net contact on serves was accurately called.

Let

• Definition: A call that requires the point to be replayed, typically when a serve touches the net but lands in, or due to an external distraction.
• Example: When his serve nicked the net and landed in, the umpire called let, and the serve was replayed without penalty.

Line call (or call)

• Definition: A call made by the line judge regarding whether a ball landed in or out, often signaled with specific gestures.
• Example: The line call of "out" was confidently made after a ball narrowly missed the sideline.

Line judge (or linesman, lineswoman, or line umpire)

• Definition: The official responsible for observing ball crossings over the boundary lines and making calls that are final unless overruled by the umpire.
• Example: The line judge's decision was pivotal, as it upheld the integrity of the call during a contentious rally.

Lingering death tiebreak

• Definition: A version of the tiebreak played as the best of twelve points, requiring a two-point advantage to clinch the set.
• Example: The match extended into a lingering death tiebreak, where every point became a battle for supremacy.

Lob volley

• Definition: A volley shot aimed at lobbing the ball over an opponent, typically when the opponent is positioned close to the net.
• Example: In a creative twist, she executed a lob volley that caught the opposing net player completely off balance.

Lob

• Definition: A stroke where the ball is hit high above the net, used either to win the point outright or to buy time defensively.
• Example: He resorted to a high lob when his opponent aggressively charged the net, forcing them to retreat.

Long

• Definition: A call indicating that the ball has landed out of court, beyond the baseline.
• Example: The umpire signaled "long" as the ball sailed past the baseline on a deep, powerful shot.

Love game

• Definition: A game won by a server without the opponent scoring a single point.
• Example: His dominant serving earned him a love game, with the opponent unable to score any points on his serve.

Love hold

• Definition: Holding serve with the opponent scoring zero points in that game.
• Example: With his consistent first serve, he managed a love hold that bolstered his overall match score.

Love

• Definition: A score of zero in tennis, typically used in expressions such as "15–love" or "to hold to love."
• Example: His flawless serve allowed him to hold his game at love, keeping his opponent from scoring.

Mac-Cam

• Definition: A high-speed video camera used for televised instant replays of close shots landing on or near the baseline; its name is derived from John McEnroe.
• Example: During a crucial rally, the Mac-Cam replay showed that the ball had barely clipped the baseline.

Masters Cup (or Tennis Masters Cup)

• Definition: The former name of the year-end ATP championship in which the eight highest-ranked players compete in a round-robin format; now known as the ATP Finals.
• Example: Fans reminisced about the Masters Cup format while watching highlights of classic year-end championships.

Masters

• Definition: The colloquial term for tournaments in the ATP Tour Masters 1000 category.
• Example: He won two Masters events in one season, cementing his reputation among the elite on tour.

Match

• Definition: A contest between two players (singles) or two teams (doubles), typically played as the best of three or five sets.
• Example: The thrilling match lasted nearly four hours, with both competitors pushing each other to the limit.

Match point

• Definition: The situation where the leading player needs one more point to win the match; variations include championship point or gold medal point.
• Example: With the score on match point, a brilliant serve forced his opponent into a rare error.

Match Winner Bet

• Definition: A straightforward bet on which player will win the match, one of the most common types of tennis bets.
• Example: He placed a match winner bet on his favorite player, and when that player won the match, his bet was a success.

Mercedes Super 9

• Definition: The former name for the nine ATP Tour Masters 1000 tournaments.
• Example: In commentary, experts recalled the days of the Mercedes Super 9 as they analyzed the modern Masters events.

Match tiebreak

• Definition: A final set played under a tiebreak or super tiebreak format, used in ATP and WTA doubles tournaments as well as in some mixed doubles events.
• Example: The doubles match was decided by a tense match tiebreak that kept fans on the edge of their seats.

Mini-break

• Definition: A point won on the opponent's serve, often referenced during tiebreaks; being "up a mini-break" means having one more mini-break than the opponent.
• Example: Securing an early mini-break in the tiebreak gave him a psychological edge over his opponent.

Mini-hold

• Definition: A point won by the server, typically in a tiebreak.
• Example: In the clutch moments of the tiebreak, she managed a mini-hold to keep her service advantage intact.

MIPTC

• Definition: Abbreviation for the Men's International Professional Tennis Council, the administrative body of the tournaments that composed the Grand Prix tennis circuit (1974–1989).
• Example: Historians often discuss the influence of the MIPTC on the evolution of professional tennis.

Mis-hit (or mishit)

• Definition: A stroke in which the racket fails to contact the ball on its “sweetspot,” often resulting in a weak or erratic shot.
• Example: A mis-hit on a crucial rally allowed his opponent to easily take control of the point.

Mixed doubles

• Definition: A format in which four players compete—two male and two female—with one player of each gender on either side of the court.
• Example: The mixed doubles match showcased excellent teamwork as male and female players combined their skills seamlessly.

Moonball

• Definition: A groundstroke, typically a forehand, hit with heavy topspin to create a high, slow, floating shot that lands close to the opponent's baseline.
• Example: Opting for a defensive strategy, he sent a moonball that forced his opponent to retreat deep behind the baseline.

MOP

• Definition: An abbreviation for "major opportunity point," representing a score of 0–30.
• Example: Facing MOP early in the game, he elevated his serve to neutralize the opponent's advantage.

Main draw

• Definition: The primary part of a tournament’s draw, as opposed to the qualifying rounds; it outlines the players competing for the title.
• Example: After a series of qualifiers, the final roster for the main draw was announced to much anticipation.

Net cord

• Definition: Also known as the dead net cord; refers to the top cord of the net that, when hit, may result in an unexpected point if the ball lands in the opponent's court.
• Example: He was fortunate when the ball struck the net cord and bounced into play, gifting him an extra point.

Net point

• Definition: A point that is won or lost when a player is near or at the net rather than from the baseline.
• Example: His aggressive net play converted several net points, shifting the momentum in his favor.

Net out

• Definition: A service fault that occurs when the ball hits the net and lands outside the court during a serve.
• Example: His serve was immediately ruled net out, forcing him to adjust his toss for the next attempt.

Net posts

• Definition: The posts on each side of the court that hold up the net, positioned 3 feet outside the doubles court (or singles court when applicable).
• Example: The net posts were clearly visible as they framed the court during a match at a prestigious tournament.

Net sticks (or singles sticks)

• Definition: A pair of poles placed on the singles line to support the net during a singles match.
• Example: Before the match started, officials ensured that the net sticks were securely in place.

Net

• Definition: The interlaced fabric, cord, and tape stretched across the court, held up by the posts, that divides the two halves of the court.
• Example: A well-placed lob just cleared the net, forcing the opponent into a difficult defensive position.

New balls

• Definition: A fresh set of tennis balls that replace the old set after a certain number of games (typically seven or nine), ensuring consistent bounce and speed.
• Example: Mid-match, the umpire called for new balls, and the server was given a chance to show them to the opponent before resuming play.

No ad scoring

• Definition: A game format where the player who wins the first point after deuce wins the game, eliminating the advantage point; the receiver chooses which side is served from.
• Example: To keep scheduling tight, the tournament implemented no ad scoring, resulting in faster-paced games.

No-man's land

• Definition: The area between the service line and the baseline where a player is particularly vulnerable to being outmaneuvered.
• Example: He avoided lingering in no-man's land, always positioning himself to cover the court effectively.

Non-endemic products

• Definition: Products related to tennis sponsorship that are not intrinsic to the sport, such as watches, cars, or jewelry.
• Example: The court-side advertisements featured non-endemic products, highlighting luxury brands alongside traditional tennis sponsors.

Not up

• Definition: A call by the umpire indicating that a player has played a ball that had already bounced twice, rendering it out of play.
• Example: The umpire ruled the late return as not up, awarding the point to the opponent.

NTRP rating

• Definition: The National Tennis Rating Program rating, a system used in the United States to rank players on a scale from 1 (beginner) to 7 (touring pro).
• Example: Local clubs often use the NTRP rating to organize matches between players of similar skill levels.

Official

• Definition: A member of the officiating team, such as a tournament referee, chair umpire, or line judge, responsible for enforcing the rules.
• Example: The official's decisive call helped resolve a disputed point during a high-stakes match.

On one's racket

• Definition: A situation where a player can win the match, set, or tiebreak by holding serve, often after breaking the opponent’s serve.
• Example: With the momentum on his side, he was on his racket, ready to clinch the match with one final powerful serve.

On serve

• Definition: A scenario in which both players or teams have an equal number of breaks in a set, meaning the set cannot be won without a break of serve.
• Example: The set was locked on serve until a critical break shifted the balance in the later games.

One-handed backhand (or single-handed backhand, single-hander, one-hander, oney)

• Definition: A backhand stroke executed with only one hand on the racket, valued for its elegance and reach.
• Example: His one-handed backhand was a signature shot, combining precision and style with every swing.

One-two punch

• Definition: When a server wins a point with a sequence of two shots, where the second shot results in a winner or forces an error due to strategic positioning.
• Example: His one-two punch on serve left the receiver scrambling and quickly ended the point.

Open

• Definition: A term from the pre-open era indicating a tournament open to players of any nationality, as opposed to closed tournaments restricted to nationals.
• Example: The historic tournament was one of the first "Open" events, allowing international competitors to take part.

Open Era

• Definition: The period in tennis beginning in 1968 when tournaments became open to both amateurs and professionals.
• Example: Since the advent of the Open Era, the sport has seen dramatic shifts in competitiveness and global participation.

Open stance

• Definition: A modern technique where the hitter’s body is angled between parallel to the baseline and facing the opponent, allowing for greater mobility and power.
• Example: Adopting an open stance helped her generate more power on her groundstrokes during long rallies.

OP

• Definition: An abbreviation for opportunity point, typically referring to a score of 15–30, where the receiver has a chance to break serve.
• Example: Facing OP early in the game, he elevated his serve to nullify the potential break.

Order of play ("OOP")

• Definition: The schedule of matches in a tennis tournament, outlining the sequence in which players will compete.
• Example: The order of play was announced shortly before the start of the day’s sessions, allowing players to prepare accordingly.

On-site entry ("OSE")

• Definition: The process by which vacant slots in a doubles tournament are filled by teams who sign up on-site and are selected based on ranking cut-offs.
• Example: With a last-minute withdrawal, a doubles team secured an on-site entry and quickly adjusted to the competitive environment.

Out

• Definition: A call indicating that the ball has landed outside the designated playing area.
• Example: The umpire's clear call of "out" ended the rally as the ball sailed well beyond the baseline.

Overgrip (or overwrap)

• Definition: Padded tape spirally wrapped over the racket handle to absorb moisture and provide enhanced grip.
• Example: He replaced his overgrip before the match to ensure a secure hold during intense rallies.

Overhead

• Definition: A stroke in which the ball is hit while positioned above the head; a strong overhead is often referred to as a smash.
• Example: In response to a weak lob, he executed a powerful overhead that ended the point decisively.

Overrule

• Definition: The action of reversing a call made by a line judge, typically done by the chair umpire.
• Example: After reviewing the replay, the umpire chose to overrule the initial line judge call.

Pace

• Definition: The speed and power with which the ball is hit, affecting the tempo and dynamics of the game.
• Example: His ability to adjust the pace of his shots allowed him to control rallies and dictate play.

Paint the lines

• Definition: To hit shots that land very close to the court’s boundary lines.
• Example: A well-placed shot that painted the lines forced his opponent into a difficult retrieval.

Pass (or passing shot)

• Definition: A shot, usually played from the baseline, aimed at passing an opponent who is positioned at the net.
• Example: His precise passing shot left the net player stranded, effectively ending the point.

Percentage tennis

• Definition: A style of play focused on safe, high-percentage shots that keep the ball in play, minimizing risks and errors.
• Example: Embracing percentage tennis, she methodically wore down her opponent with consistent, error-free groundstrokes.

Perfect Game

• Definition: A game in which the server holds by hitting four consecutive aces.
• Example: The crowd erupted in applause when the server delivered what commentators later dubbed a perfect game.

Ping it

• Definition: To hit an offensive shot that is placed deep into the corners of the court.
• Example: He managed to ping it perfectly, sending the ball deep and out of reach of his opponent.

Poaching (noun: poach)

• Definition: In doubles, an aggressive move where the net player moves across to intercept a shot intended for their partner.
• Example: The net player's timely poaching disrupted the opponents' rhythm and secured a crucial point.

Point penalty

• Definition: A penalty where a point is awarded to a player’s opponent as a result of successive code violations.
• Example: After multiple infractions, the umpire issued a point penalty that shifted the momentum of the match.

Point

• Definition: The smallest unit of scoring in tennis, starting with the serve and ending when the ball goes out of play.
• Example: A series of intense rallies saw both players fighting hard for every single point.

Pre-qualifying

• Definition: A preliminary tournament in which winners earn a wild card into the qualifying draw of a larger event.
• Example: Many hopefuls competed in pre-qualifying rounds, each dreaming of a breakthrough into the main tournament.

Pressureless ball

• Definition: A type of tennis ball without a pressurized air core, often used at high altitudes where standard balls are adversely affected.
• Example: At the high-altitude venue, players opted for pressureless balls to maintain consistent bounce and performance.

Protected ranking ("PR") or Special ranking ("SR")

• Definition: A ranking granted to players who have been injured for at least six months (or, in some cases, due to pregnancy) that allows them to enter tournaments based on their previous ranking; it is not used for seeding.
• Example: Returning from a long injury layoff, she used her protected ranking to secure entry into several tournaments.

Pull the trigger

• Definition: To hit a powerful, decisive offensive shot, often after patiently waiting for the right moment in a rally.
• Example: Sensing the opportunity, he pulled the trigger with a blistering forehand that ended the rally.

Pulp

• Definition: A colloquial term for a score of 30–30, playing on the homophone with “juice.”
• Example: With the score at pulp, both players focused on consistency to avoid giving away an early break.

Pusher

• Definition: A player who primarily focuses on returning the ball safely without attempting to hit winners; often used in a derogatory context.
• Example: Critics labeled him a pusher because he rarely went for aggressive shots, preferring to extend rallies indefinitely.

Putaway

• Definition: An offensive shot aimed at ending the point decisively, leaving little to no chance for a return.
• Example: After a perfectly placed approach shot, his putaway at the net sealed the point with authority.

Qualies

• Definition: Short for qualification rounds, where players compete to earn a spot in the main draw of a tournament.
• Example: Several hopefuls battled in the qualies, each aiming to secure a coveted spot in the tournament’s main draw.

Qualification round

• Definition: The final round of play in a pre-tournament qualification competition, also known as qualies.
• Example: After multiple rounds of intense matches, the final qualification round determined which players would advance to the main event.

Qualifier ("Q")

• Definition: A player who reaches the tournament's main draw by competing in the pre-tournament qualifying competition rather than by direct acceptance, wild card, or exemption.
• Example: Despite not being originally seeded, the qualifier surprised many by advancing deep into the tournament.

Qualifying draw

• Definition: The bracket that outlines the matches in the qualification rounds leading into the main draw.
• Example: The qualifying draw was released a week before the event, allowing players to see their potential path to the main tournament.

Racket (or racquet)

• Definition: A bat-like instrument with a long handle and a looped frame strung with tightly stretched strings, used by tennis players to hit the ball.
• Example: Upgrading to a new graphite racket significantly improved his power and control on court.

Racket abuse (racquet abuse)

• Definition: The act of a player slamming or throwing their racket in frustration, which can lead to a warning or point penalty from the umpire.
• Example: Following a series of missed shots, his racket abuse resulted in a stern warning from the chair umpire.

Rally

• Definition: A sequence of return hits between players after the serve, continuing until one fails to return the ball within the court boundaries.
• Example: The match featured a lengthy rally that showcased both players' stamina and shot-making abilities.

Rankings

• Definition: A hierarchical listing of players based on their recent achievements, used to determine tournament entries and seeding.
• Example: His consistent performance helped him climb the rankings, earning him a higher seed in the tournament.

Rating

• Definition: A system used by national tennis organizations to group players of similar skill levels, based on their match records.
• Example: Local leagues use player ratings to ensure competitive balance during club tournaments.

Real tennis (also royal tennis or court tennis)

• Definition: An ancient indoor racket sport and the predecessor of modern lawn tennis, known by different names in various regions.
• Example: The museum’s exhibit on real tennis offered a fascinating glimpse into the origins of today’s game.

Receiver

• Definition: The player who receives the serve from the opponent at the start of a point.
• Example: The receiver’s quick reflexes allowed him to return a blistering serve down the line.

Referee

• Definition: The official in charge of enforcing tournament rules, distinct from the on-court umpire.
• Example: The referee ensured that all the matches adhered to the tournament regulations throughout the event.

Reflex volley

• Definition: A volley played instinctively with little time for planning, often in response to a fast-paced shot, common in doubles and advanced singles play.
• Example: His quick reflex volley at the net saved the point during an unexpected rush by his opponent.

Registered player

• Definition: A designation from the early Open Era identifying amateur players allowed to compete for prize money while remaining under national association control.
• Example: Although now the system has evolved, the concept of a registered player was once central to amateur tennis.

Retirement ("ret.")

• Definition: The withdrawal of a player from a match, resulting in a forfeit, typically due to injury.
• Example: Mid-match, his retirement due to a pulled muscle shifted the tournament dynamics considerably.

Retriever

• Definition: A defensive baseliner known for consistently returning balls rather than aggressively trying to hit winners.
• Example: Despite his reputation as a retriever, his endurance allowed him to frustrate even the most aggressive opponents.

Return

• Definition: The stroke made by the receiver in response to the opponent's serve.
• Example: A strong return set the tone for the rally that followed immediately after the serve.

Return ace

• Definition: A shot where the receiver returns the serve so effectively that the server is unable to make any contact with the ball.
• Example: In a rare display of skill, his return ace left the server stunned and energized his team.

Rising shot

• Definition: A shot hit before the ball reaches its apex, often executed on the rise to maintain the rally’s momentum.
• Example: Anticipating the opponent’s lob, she hit a rising shot that caught him off balance.

Round of 16

• Definition: The tournament stage in which 16 players remain, preceding the quarterfinals; its stage depends on the draw size.
• Example: After a series of close contests, he advanced to the round of 16, bringing him one step closer to the quarterfinals.

Round robin ("RR")

• Definition: A tournament format where players are divided into groups and each competes against all others in the group, with standings based on match outcomes.
• Example: The round robin stage allowed every participant to play multiple matches, ensuring a fair assessment of skill.

Rubber

• Definition: An individual match within a team competition such as the Davis Cup or Billie Jean King Cup tie.
• Example: Each rubber played in the tie was crucial, as every win contributed to the overall team score.

Run around the ball

• Definition: The action of quickly moving laterally to reposition oneself, often to switch from a backhand to a forehand or vice versa.
• Example: His ability to run around the ball allowed him to salvage points that looked lost.

SABR (Sneak Attack By Roger)

• Definition: A return strategy where the player unexpectedly moves forward to the service line to intercept the serve with a half-volley or chip-and-charge shot.
• Example: In a daring move reminiscent of Roger’s style, he executed a SABR that caught his opponent completely off guard.

Satellite

• Definition: A term referring to an intermediate junior level of play, generally equivalent to Level 6.
• Example: Young players often compete in satellite tournaments as a stepping stone toward higher-level junior competitions.

Scoring

• Definition: The method by which the progress of a match is tracked, including points, games, and sets.
• Example: The unique scoring system of tennis, with its love and deuce calls, has fascinated fans for generations.

Scratch

• Definition: The act of withdrawing from a match, typically due to an injury.
• Example: He had to scratch from the match after sustaining an injury during practice.

Second serve (or second service)

• Definition: The final serve attempt a player is allowed at the start of a point, used if the first serve fails.
• Example: Known for her reliable second serve, she rarely faced double faults in critical moments.

Second snap

• Definition: The extra rotation a tennis ball acquires when struck for topspin against certain string types, as the strings rebound into position before the ball leaves contact.
• Example: His use of a second snap on his forehand added unexpected topspin that baffled his opponent.

Seed (or seeding)

• Definition: A system where players are ranked and arranged in the tournament draw based on their world ranking, ensuring top players do not meet in early rounds.
• Example: As one of the top seeds, he received a favorable draw that allowed him to advance without facing other top contenders in the early rounds.

Serve and volley

• Definition: A style of play in which the player immediately advances to the net after serving, aiming to finish the point quickly with a volley.
• Example: His aggressive serve and volley approach consistently put pressure on his opponents, forcing quick points.

Serve-and-volleyer

• Definition: A player who frequently employs the serve-and-volley tactic on most of their service points.
• Example: Known as a classic serve-and-volleyer, his quick net approaches often caught his opponents off guard.

Serve out

• Definition: To win a set (or match) by holding serve throughout, without the opponent breaking serve.
• Example: He managed to serve out the set, winning every game on his serve.

Serve (verb and noun; also service)

• Definition: The initial stroke of a point, where the ball must be hit into the opponent's service box.
• Example: A powerful serve can set the tone for the entire point, often giving the server an early advantage.

Service box (or service court)

• Definition: The rectangular area bounded by the sidelines and service lines where the serve must land.
• Example: A well-placed serve landed right in the service box, leaving his opponent with little time to react.

Service game

• Definition: The game in which a particular player is serving, an essential component of match strategy.
• Example: Winning his service game consistently helped him build a significant lead over his opponent.

Service line

• Definition: The line that runs parallel to the net at a set distance, forming part of the service box’s boundaries.
• Example: His serves often landed near the service line, maximizing their speed and accuracy.

Set point

• Definition: A situation in which the leading player needs one more point to win the set.
• Example: Facing set point, she remained calm and delivered a clutch shot to level the score.

Set

• Definition: A unit of scoring in tennis, typically consisting of at least six games, with a two-game margin required to win.
• Example: The match extended to a third set, with both players determined to secure the victory.

Shallow

• Definition: Describes a shot that is not hit deep into the court, often landing close to the net or within the opponent's reach.
• Example: A shallow return allowed his opponent to easily step in and take control of the point.

Shamateurism

• Definition: A derogatory term combining “sham” and “amateurism,” referring to practices where amateurs receive compensation in violation of traditional amateur rules.
• Example: Critics of shamateurism argued that the system undermined the integrity of amateur competitions.

Shank

• Definition: A significantly misdirected shot, usually resulting from improper contact with the racket’s frame rather than its strings.
• Example: His shank sent the ball wildly off target, drawing a collective groan from the spectators.

Shot clock

• Definition: A publicly displayed clock used to ensure players serve within a set time limit (usually 25 seconds) between points.
• Example: The shot clock ensured that the pace of the match remained brisk and maintained scheduling discipline.

Single-handed backhand (or single-hander)

• Definition: A backhand stroke executed using one hand on the racket, known for its elegance and reach.
• Example: His single-handed backhand was widely admired for its fluidity and precise placement.

Singles net

• Definition: The net used in singles matches, which is slightly lower or shorter than the one used in doubles.
• Example: The singles net was adjusted according to the tournament regulations to ensure fair play.

Singles sticks (or net sticks)

• Definition: Poles placed on the singles sidelines to support the net during singles matches.
• Example: Officials made sure the singles sticks were properly positioned before the match began.

Singles

• Definition: A match played between two players, with the court boundaries defined by the inner sidelines.
• Example: In a fiercely competitive singles match, every point was hard-fought and crucial.

Sitter

• Definition: A shot hit with little pace and no spin, usually resulting in an easy opportunity for the opponent to put it away.
• Example: His sitter allowed the opponent to easily anticipate and finish the point with a quick volley.

Skyhook

• Definition: An overhead shot executed behind the body, typically used to retrieve a high ball with an unconventional motion.
• Example: In a moment of brilliance, he hit a skyhook that surprised both the opponent and the crowd.

Sledgehammer

• Definition: A colloquial term for a powerful, two-handed backhand winner hit down the line.
• Example: His sledgehammer down the line was so forceful that the ball whizzed past his opponent with little chance of return.

Slice

• Definition: A shot hit with underspin (backspin), resulting in a low, skidding trajectory and a lower bounce.
• Example: The slice on his backhand return kept the ball low, forcing errors from the opponent.

Smash

• Definition: A strong, overhead shot typically executed near the net to finish a point, often with unreturnable pace.
• Example: A powerful smash ended the rally as the ball rocketed into the stands.

Spank

• Definition: To hit a groundstroke flat and with significant pace.
• Example: He spanked a winner off the baseline, leaving no time for his opponent to react.

Sparring partner

• Definition: Another term for a hitting partner, someone who practices with a player during training sessions.
• Example: Her sparring partner helped her refine her stroke techniques during long training sessions.

Special exempt ("SE")

• Definition: A tournament entry granted to players still competing in the final rounds of a previous event, preventing them from playing in the qualifying draw.
• Example: Unable to attend qualifiers due to a deep run in another tournament, he received a special exempt into the main draw.

Special ranking ("SR")

• Definition: Another term for protected ranking, used for players returning from long-term injuries or other extended absences.
• Example: After a lengthy recovery, she used her special ranking to gain direct entry into several key tournaments.

Spin

• Definition: The rotation applied to the ball when hit, affecting its flight path and bounce; includes topspin, backspin, and sidespin.
• Example: By adding heavy spin to his forehand, he made the ball dip sharply just over the net.

Split step

• Definition: A quick, small hop made on both feet just as the opponent hits the ball, preparing the player to move in any direction.
• Example: His impeccable split step allowed him to react quickly to his opponent's unpredictable shots.

Spot serving/spot server

• Definition: Serving with precision so that the ball lands exactly at the targeted spot, often at the intersection of the service line and center line or singles tramline.
• Example: Renowned for his accuracy, he was known as a spot server who rarely missed his targeted areas.

Squash shot

• Definition: A defensive forehand or backhand shot hit on the run, often with slice, used to counter an opponent’s attack when out of position.
• Example: Trapped on the run, he managed a difficult squash shot that kept the rally alive.

Stance

• Definition: The manner in which a player positions their feet and body when preparing to hit a shot.
• Example: A stable stance provided the foundation for his powerful groundstrokes during the match.

Stick volley

• Definition: A crisp volley hit with minimal follow-through, resulting in a sharp, downward shot.
• Example: His stick volley at the net was perfectly executed, sending the ball rapidly back into play.

Stiffness (or racket stiffness)

• Definition: The resistance of a tennis racket to bending when the ball is struck, which can affect power and control.
• Example: Rackets with higher stiffness tend to offer more power, though they may sacrifice some control.

Stop volley

• Definition: A softly hit volley that absorbs most of the shot's power, causing the ball to drop just over the net.
• Example: A delicate stop volley ended the point as the ball barely cleared the net, leaving the opponent no chance for a return.

Stopper

• Definition: A player who is unlikely to win tournaments but is capable of challenging top players and preventing them from advancing easily.
• Example: Despite not winning titles, he was known as a stopper for his ability to disrupt the game plans of higher-ranked opponents.

Straight sets

• Definition: A match outcome where the winner wins every set without losing any, or a set won without the score reaching 5–5.
• Example: He dominated the match by winning in straight sets, leaving little doubt about his superior play.

Stringbed

• Definition: The grid of strings in a tennis racket that makes contact with the ball.
• Example: A well-maintained stringbed is crucial for optimal performance and consistent ball response.

String saver

• Definition: A small piece of plastic inserted where the racket strings cross to prevent excessive wear and premature breakage.
• Example: To extend the life of his racket, he opted for a model equipped with a string saver.

Strings

• Definition: The woven material across the racket head that makes contact with the ball, crucial for control and power.
• Example: Fresh strings can significantly alter a player’s feel and performance during matches.

Stroke

• Definition: The act of striking the ball, including various techniques such as forehand, backhand, and serve.
• Example: Mastering different strokes is essential for a well-rounded game.

Sudden death tiebreak

• Definition: A tiebreak format played as the best of nine points, where the final point is decisive if the score is tied.
• Example: The set was decided by a sudden death tiebreak that left every point feeling like the last.

Super tiebreak (or Champions tiebreak)

• Definition: A tiebreak played to ten points (instead of seven) with a two-point margin, typically used to decide doubles matches.
• Example: The doubles match was clinched in a super tiebreak that kept fans on the edge of their seats.

Supercoach

• Definition: A tennis coach with a successful professional playing career who provides advanced guidance and strategy.
• Example: The supercoach’s insights were credited with transforming the player’s game at the highest levels.

Sweetspot

• Definition: The ideal central area on the racket head that delivers maximum power and control when the ball is struck.
• Example: Consistently hitting the sweetspot is key to producing strong, accurate shots during intense rallies.

Swing volley

• Definition: A volley executed with a full, swinging motion similar to a groundstroke, often incorporating topspin for added pace.
• Example: His aggressive swing volley at the net showcased his ability to transition seamlessly from defense to offense.

Tanking

• Definition: Colloquial term for deliberately losing a match or set to conserve energy for later, often controversial in competitive play.
• Example: Rumors circulated that the player was tanking a non-vital set to focus on the match-deciding final set.

Tape it

• Definition: A phrase used when a shot barely clips the top tape of the net, resulting in a close call or a let.
• Example: The replay showed that he managed to tape it perfectly, just clearing the net for a valid point.

Tennis ball

• Definition: A soft, hollow, air-filled rubber ball coated with synthetic felt, meeting specific size, weight, and color standards set by the ITF.
• Example: New tennis balls were introduced at the start of the match to ensure consistent bounce and speed throughout play.

Tennis bubble

• Definition: An indoor tennis facility characterized by a domed structure maintained by internal air pressure.
• Example: The tournament was held inside a tennis bubble, providing optimal playing conditions regardless of the weather outside.

Tennis dad

• Definition: A father who is actively involved in his child's tennis development, often seen supporting and sometimes coaching during matches.
• Example: The tennis dad was a familiar sight on the sidelines, cheering and offering advice during every match.

Tennis elbow

• Definition: A common overuse injury in tennis players, often resulting from improper technique or excessive vibration from the racket.
• Example: After months of persistent practice, he developed tennis elbow and was forced to take time off for rehabilitation.

Tennis Hall of Fame

• Definition: The institution located in Newport, Rhode Island, that honors the legends and history of tennis.
• Example: Inductees at the Tennis Hall of Fame are celebrated for their lasting contributions to the sport.

The vineyard of tennis

• Definition: A colloquial term referring to Southern California, a region renowned for its rich tennis culture and history.
• Example: Many top players have trained in the vineyard of tennis, taking advantage of its ideal weather and world-class facilities.

Tiebreak

• Definition: A special game played when the score in a set reaches 6–6, with the first player to reach at least seven points (by a margin of two) winning the set.
• Example: The set went into a tiebreak, where every point was fiercely contested until one player finally edged ahead.

Tiebreak Bet

• Definition: A wager on whether a match (or a specific set) will be decided by a tiebreak, or sometimes on the outcome of the tiebreak itself.
• Example: Betting on a tiebreak, she predicted that the final set would be extremely close and be decided by a tiebreaker, which came to pass.

Tie

• Definition: A term synonymous with match in team competitions, such as those in the Davis Cup or Fed Cup.
• Example: The tie between the two nations was filled with dramatic moments and intense team spirit.

Topspin

• Definition: A type of spin where the top of the ball rotates in the direction of travel, causing the ball to dip and bounce higher.
• Example: His heavy topspin forehand consistently forced errors from his opponents by pushing the ball high over the net.

Toss

• Definition: The coin or racket spin used at the beginning of a match to determine which player serves first or chooses a side.
• Example: After winning the toss, he opted to serve, believing his powerful serve would give him an early advantage.

Total Sets Bet

• Definition: A bet on the total number of sets that will be played in a match, such as over/under on the number of sets.
• Example: With both players known for long matches, he bet on total sets over, anticipating a three-set contest.

Touch

• Definition: Occurs when a player inadvertently makes contact with the net while the ball is still in play, resulting in a lost point.
• Example: A slight touch of the net on a return cost him the point, underscoring the importance of spatial awareness.

Tramline

• Definition: The line that marks the boundary of play on the side of the court, separating the singles and doubles areas.
• Example: A shot that barely cleared the tramline was hailed as a masterpiece of precision.

Trampolining

• Definition: The effect when a ball is hit flat against loosely strung rackets, causing an exaggerated rebound or increased velocity.
• Example: Players had to adjust their timing to counter the unpredictable effects of trampolining on older rackets.

Two ball pass

• Definition: A passing tactic where the first shot forces the opponent to react poorly, followed by a second shot that capitalizes on the opportunity.
• Example: After a well-placed first shot, his two ball pass secured the point as his opponent struggled to reach the ball.

Triple bagel

• Definition: Colloquial term for winning a match by taking three sets with a score of 6–0 in each set.
• Example: The underdog shocked everyone by handing the opponent a triple bagel in a dominating performance.

Triple crown

• Definition: The accomplishment of winning the championship in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at the same event, typically a Grand Slam.
• Example: Achieving the triple crown at a Grand Slam is one of the rarest feats in tennis, celebrated as a historic accomplishment.

T (the T)

• Definition: The central point on the court where the service line and center line intersect, forming a “T” shape.
• Example: Many players aim for the T during rallies, as it offers the best court coverage and balance.

Tube

• Definition: A colloquial term meaning to deliberately hit the ball directly at the opponent's body.
• Example: In a moment of bold aggression, he tubed his opponent, a move that quickly ended the rally.

Tweener

• Definition: A trick shot played between the legs, typically used when chasing down a lob; also known by names such as tweeny, hot dog, or Sabatweenie.
• Example: Executing a perfectly timed tweener, she managed to hit a stunning shot that left the crowd in awe.

Tweener racket

• Definition: A tennis racket of mid-weight, mid-head size, and mid-stiffness, often chosen as a transitional option by young professionals.
• Example: The tweener racket provided an ideal balance for her evolving game as she moved from junior to professional levels.

Twist serve (or American twist serve)

• Definition: A serve that combines slice and topspin to create a curving trajectory and high bounce in the opposite direction of the flight path.
• Example: His twist serve was a key weapon on his second serve, often forcing weak returns from even the best receivers.

Two-handed backhand

• Definition: A backhand stroke executed with both hands on the racket, providing extra control and power.
• Example: His two-handed backhand was renowned for its consistency and effectiveness on high-bouncing surfaces.

Two-handed forehand

• Definition: A less common forehand stroke where the player uses both hands on the racket to generate power and stability.
• Example: Experimenting with a two-handed forehand, he found that the added control suited his aggressive baseline game.

Umpire (or chair umpire)

• Definition: The official designated to enforce the rules of the game during play, typically seated on a high chair beside the net.
• Example: The umpire maintained strict control over the match, ensuring all players adhered to the rules.

Underhand serve (or underarm serve)

• Definition: A serve in which the player lobs the ball from below shoulder level rather than using a traditional overhand motion.
• Example: In a surprising moment, he opted for an underhand serve that caught his opponent completely off guard.

Underspin (or backspin or undercut)

• Definition: A type of spin where the top of the ball rotates away from the direction of travel, causing the ball to float and bounce at a lower angle.
• Example: His use of underspin on the backhand return kept the ball low, making it difficult for his opponent to attack.

Unforced error

• Definition: An error on a shot that results from poor judgment or execution rather than the opponent’s skillful play.
• Example: The match was closely contested until a series of unforced errors allowed him to take a decisive lead.

Unseeded player

• Definition: A player who is not among the top-ranked seeds in a tournament draw.
• Example: Despite being unseeded, she advanced to the quarterfinals by defeating several higher-ranked opponents.

Upset

• Definition: The unexpected defeat of a high-ranked player by a lower-ranked player.
• Example: In a shocking upset, the rising star toppled the tournament favorite in the early rounds.

Vantage

• Definition: An archaic term equivalent to "advantage" in scoring.
• Example: With the score at deuce, he gained the vantage, edging closer to winning the game.

VASSS

• Definition: Abbreviation for the Van Alen Streamlined Scoring System, an alternative scoring method designed to shorten match lengths; its tiebreak component was later adopted by tennis authorities.
• Example: Discussions about VASSS often arise when fans debate ways to shorten marathon matches.

Volley

• Definition: A shot hit by a player before the ball bounces on their side of the court, typically executed near the net.
• Example: His aggressive volley at the net put pressure on his opponent, leading to a quick point.

Walkover ("WO" or "w/o")

• Definition: An unopposed victory awarded when a player fails to start a match, often due to injury.
• Example: When his opponent could not take the court, he won the match by walkover.

Western grip

• Definition: A grip used by players to generate substantial topspin on groundstrokes, characterized by placing the index knuckle on the grip’s bevel 5.
• Example: Adopting a Western grip, she produced heavy topspin that made her forehand one of the most feared shots on tour.

Whiff

• Definition: A stroke in which the player completely misses the ball; in the case of a serve, this is considered a fault.
• Example: During a high-pressure moment, he whiffed his serve, much to the disappointment of the crowd.

Wide

• Definition: A call indicating that the ball has landed outside the playing area, beyond the sideline.
• Example: The umpire’s call of “wide” signaled that the ball had clearly missed the designated court boundaries.

Wild card ("WC")

• Definition: A tournament entry granted to a player whose ranking does not qualify them for direct entry, often given to local players or those returning from injury.
• Example: Despite a lower ranking, she received a wild card, giving her the chance to compete in the prestigious tournament.

Winner

• Definition: A shot that is not reached or returned by the opponent, thereby winning the point; sometimes used to describe an unreturnable serve.
• Example: His precise winner down the line left his opponent stranded, securing him the crucial point.

Wood shot

• Definition: Another term for a frame shot, where the ball makes contact with the racket’s frame rather than the strings.
• Example: A mis-hit wood shot resulted in an erratic ball that failed to challenge his opponent.

WCT

• Definition: Abbreviation for World Championship Tennis, a professional men's tennis tour that operated from 1968 until the emergence of the ATP Tour in 1990.
• Example: Historians often reference WCT when discussing the evolution of professional tennis in the late 20th century.

Wrong-foot (or wrong foot, wrongfoot)

• Definition: Hitting the ball in a direction opposite to what the opponent anticipated, forcing them to quickly adjust their position.
• Example: His clever wrong-foot shot caught his opponent off balance, leading to a decisive point.

WTA Finals

• Definition: The season-ending tournament of the WTA Tour featuring the top eight ranked women and alternates.
• Example: The WTA Finals showcased the best in women’s tennis, with every match delivering high drama and skill.

WTA Tour

• Definition: The top-tier international tennis tour for women, organized by the Women's Tennis Association.
• Example: Her performance on the WTA Tour established her as one of the leading players in the sport.

WTA

• Definition: Abbreviation for the Women's Tennis Association, the governing body for women's professional tennis.
• Example: The WTA sets the standards and schedules for tournaments around the world, shaping the competitive landscape of women's tennis.

Yo-yo

• Definition: A situation where a player scores by hitting the ball with backspin so that it bounces on the opponent's court and then returns to the player’s side after the first bounce.
• Example: His crafty use of yo-yo shots added an unpredictable element to his game, frustrating his opponents.

Zero pointer

• Definition: Ranking points that a top-ranked player receives when they skip selected mandatory professional tour events, resulting in no points being added to their ranking for that tournament.
• Example: Even though he played an alternative event, he received a zero pointer because he missed the mandatory tournament he was expected to attend.